Cartilage Damage and Repair Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the initial event that triggers the development of osteoarthritis?

Damage to articular cartilage (correct)

Increased synthesis of matrix constituents

Cartilage swelling

Increased metabolic activity of chondrocytes

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk factor for osteoarthritis?

Joint trauma

Heredity

Obesity

Smoking (correct)

What is the characteristic pain associated with osteoarthritis?

Localized deep, aching pain associated with the affected joint (correct)

Sharp, shooting pain

Burning sensation in the joints

Constant, throbbing pain

Which joints are most commonly affected by osteoarthritis in the hands?

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between osteoarthritis and age?

Prevalence and severity increase with age Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the risk of harm when using psychoactive drugs?

The level of control a drug user has over their use influences the balance between benefits and harms experienced. Signup and view all the answers

How do physical withdrawal effects differ from psychological withdrawal effects?

Physical withdrawal effects are short in duration and include symptoms like seizures, while psychological effects can last longer and include intense cravings and mood alterations. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the significance of psychological dependence in drug relapse.

Psychological dependence often leads to intense emotional experiences such as cravings and depression, significantly contributing to relapse. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates drug misuse from drug abuse?

Drug misuse refers to the incorrect use of medication, while drug abuse is characterized by uncontrolled use and dependence on substances. Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential societal risks associated with drug dependence?

Drug dependence can result in significant risks and harms both to individuals and society, including increased crime and health care costs. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main categories of psychoactive drugs?

Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Signup and view all the answers

How is drug abuse defined?

The use of illegal drugs or the misuse of prescription drugs with negative consequences for at least a year. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes drug dependence according to the WHO?

A high-priority focus on obtaining and using a psychoactive drug, along with persistent drug-seeking behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between physical dependence and psychological dependence?

Physical dependence involves withdrawal symptoms that require continued drug use, while psychological dependence involves a compulsion to seek pleasure or escape unpleasant states. Signup and view all the answers

What are withdrawal symptoms, and how can they present differently?

Withdrawal symptoms occur when drug use is abruptly stopped, presenting as either physical or psychological symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Can a person be physically dependent on a drug without being addicted? Provide an example.

Yes, a person can be physically dependent without addiction; for example, hypertension medications can cause physical dependence but not addiction. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of behaviors characterize an addict?

An addict exhibits a preoccupation with the drug, neglects responsibilities, and compulsively seeks the drug despite negative consequences. Signup and view all the answers

What does tolerance in the context of psychoactive drug use refer to?

Tolerance refers to needing a higher dose to attain the same effect from the drug. Signup and view all the answers

List two perceived benefits that might lead individuals to use psychoactive drugs.

Pleasurable feelings and increased social interaction are two perceived benefits. Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence an individual's decision to use psychoactive drugs?

Factors include availability, legal status of the drug, and perceived desired effects. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the risks associated with psychoactive drugs vary.

Risks vary depending on the drug, its use, the individual, and their circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason some individuals become addicted to specific psychoactive drugs?

A lack of specific types of neurological control can lead to addiction. Signup and view all the answers

Define psychological dependence in the context of drug use.

Psychological dependence occurs when a person feels they need a drug to function or feel better. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between drug misuse and drug abuse.

Drug misuse involves using medication inappropriately, while drug abuse is using substances for non-medical purposes. Signup and view all the answers

What are withdrawal symptoms, and why do they occur?

Withdrawal symptoms are physical and psychological effects experienced when reducing or stopping drug use. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Articular cartilage damage can be caused by injury, excess loading, aging, or joint instability, leading to increased metabolic activity of chondrocytes and synthesis of matrix constituents.
The reparative response to cartilage damage does not restore it to normal but initiates a process that can lead to further cartilage loss.
Prevalence and severity of cartilage damage increase with age, with potential risk factors including obesity, joint trauma, and heredity.
Common symptoms of cartilage damage include localized deep aching pain in affected joints, which worsens with joint activity and improves with rest.
The distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the hands are often most affected by cartilage damage.

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Description

Explore the process of cartilage damage and repair, including the causes, metabolic responses, and the likelihood of further cartilage loss. Learn about the prevalence and factors contributing to this common issue.