Cartilage Damage and Repair Process

Damage to articular cartilage starts osteoarthritis development.

Smoking is NOT a risk factor for osteoarthritis.

Deep, aching pain focused on the affected joint.

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints.

Osteoarthritis prevalence and severity increases with age.

Using a drug with careful management and limitations to minimize potential harms. This approach focuses on understanding the drug's effects and making informed choices to avoid dependence and adverse consequences.

Using a drug without any limitations or management, often leading to increased risk and potential harm. This can result in drug dependence, making it difficult to stop or reduce use.

A state where an individual feels compelled to use a drug despite experiencing negative consequences. It's characterized by uncontrollable cravings, withdrawal symptoms, and significant disruptions to daily life.

Physical or psychological discomfort experienced when a person stops using a substance they are dependent on. These symptoms arise because the body has become accustomed to the drug's presence.

Physical signs and symptoms experienced when a substance is removed from the body. These effects are often short-term and may include physical discomfort, pain, or bodily changes.

Any substance that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and alters mood, perception, and consciousness. Examples include depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens.

Using illegal drugs or misusing prescription or over-the-counter drugs for at least a year, resulting in negative consequences. It often involves using drugs for non-medical reasons and negatively impacting physical or mental functioning.

A person who participates in drug or substance use.

Drug use that is problematic and causes significant harm or risk.

A state where the body needs continued administration of a drug to prevent physical withdrawal symptoms.

A state where either seeking pleasure or euphoria or escaping unpleasant mood states or realities drives drug use.

A person who is dependent on a drug in a way that causes significant problems in their life.

The need for a higher dose of a drug to achieve the same effect. This is typical in drug addiction, where the body adjusts and becomes less responsive to the drug over time.

People use psychoactive drugs because they expect to experience positive effects. These benefits may include pleasurable feelings, enhanced social interaction, altered psychological state, physical changes, or avoidance of withdrawal symptoms.

Decisions to use drugs are influenced by various factors including: availability, legal status, perceived desired effects, perceived risks, social acceptance, and individual preferences.

Risks associated with drug use are not equal across all substances. The severity and type of risk vary depending on the drug, the individual, the dose, the frequency of use, and the presence of impurities.

A lack of specific neurological control may be a reason why some people develop addiction to certain drugs, while others do not. It suggests a possible neurological basis for susceptibility to addiction.