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Parsons proposed career theories in 1909.
True
There are only two categories of career theories according to the text.
False
Person-environment fit theories focus on the match between individual characteristics and work environments.
True
The reference for this chapter is the Handbook of industrial, work and organizational psychology.
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According to Savickas, psychometric assessments provide an objective description of individual characteristics in career counseling
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Postmodern perspectives on career counseling have not received any criticism
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G. D. Gottfredson strongly criticized the postmodern movement in career research
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Hesketh cautioned vocational psychologists and career counselors against believing the reification fallacy
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True or false: P-E fit theories focus on how individual capabilities match job requirements and how job or organization features match individual desires
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True or false: P-E fit framework is influential in vocational guidance and personnel selection
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True or false: Different P-E fit career theories have the same constructs and hypotheses
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True or false: Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) includes predictive and process models focusing on needs/values, skills/abilities, job requirements, and job reinforcers
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True or false: TWA predicts dissatisfaction and poor performance when correspondence is present
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True or false: TWA has not received substantial empirical support
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True or false: Holland’s Theory of Vocational Personality Types and Work Environments articulates 6 types to describe individuals and work environments (RIASEC)
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True or false: Holland’s theory predicts that a match between an individual’s type and their occupation is a major contributor to satisfaction, performance, and tenure
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True or false: Research testing Holland’s predictions has suffered from methodological flaws
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True or false: Despite its popularity, Holland’s theory has strong empirical support for its predictions
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True or false: P-E fit theories have not been influential in vocational guidance and personnel selection
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True or false: TWA dominates vocational counseling practice
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Super's theory of career development includes four stages
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Research using Super’s framework has been limited to propositions regarding childhood development and retirement
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Super’s theory forms the basis of many contemporary postmodern career development theories
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Gottfredson’s theory of career choice and development considers hereditary and biological factors alongside sociocultural factors
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Children develop a self-concept based solely on their innate talents and capabilities
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Individuals may compromise on career options based on political, economic, and social constraints
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Both classic career development models emphasize psychological assessment and advocate quantitatively assessing traditional individual differences
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Postmodern career development theories view the subjective career as less important than objectively observable career events and work positions
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Constructivism argues that individuals mentally construct their experience of the world through psychological processes
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Social constructionism argues that knowledge and meaning are independent of social practices and interactions
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Extreme forms of social constructionism completely reject traditional positivistic notions
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True or false: RIASEC interests form a hexagon, as proposed by Holland's model?
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True or false: Many specific hypotheses of Holland's theory have been proven false?
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True or false: SCCT focuses on self-efficacy and outcome expectations in driving vocational behavior?
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True or false: SCCT includes four predictive models: interest development, career choices, educational and vocational performance, and work and career satisfaction?
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True or false: SCCT self-management model specifies a large set of adaptive career behaviors?
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True or false: SCCT has received the most empirical research attention of any contemporary career theory?
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True or false: Developmental career theories complement P-E fit theories by focusing on the attitudes, contexts, and behaviors related to individuals’ career decisions?
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True or false: Classic developmental theories reject the entire P-E fit paradigm?
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True or false: Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives?
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True or false: A key construct in Super’s theory is career maturity, defined as an individual’s readiness to face the particular developmental challenges at each life stage?
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True or false: Contemporary postmodern career theories emphasize the importance of constructing a strong career identity and remaining flexible and adaptable in the face of rapid societal, economic, and technological changes?
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True or false: Super's theory of career development includes four stages?
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RIASEC interests form a perfect hexagon according to popular belief.
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Vocational interests do not play a crucial role in successful work performance.
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Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) is based on general social cognitive theory.
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SCCT includes three predictive models: interest development, career choices, and educational performance.
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SCCT has not been expanded to incorporate a process model that applies social cognitive principles.
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SCCT self-management model does not specify a large set of adaptive career behaviors.
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SCCT has received the least empirical research attention of any contemporary career theory.
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Systematic meta-analytic tests of many of SCCT's predictions have not led to modifications of the theory.
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Developmental career theories do not complement P-E fit theories by focusing on the attitudes, contexts, and behaviors related to individuals' career decisions.
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Classic developmental theories do not address how and why individuals make career decisions.
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Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives.
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Career maturity is not a key construct in Super’s theory.
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Study Notes
Contemporary Career Theories: RIASEC, SCCT, and Developmental Theories
- RIASEC interests do not form a hexagon, contrary to popular belief, and many researchers' data actually contradicts Holland's model (Tinsley, 2000a, 2000b, 2001).
- Vocational interests play a crucial role in successful work performance, but many specific hypotheses of Holland's theory have been proven false (Nye, Su, Rounds, & Drasgow, 2012; Van Iddekinge et al., 2011).
- Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), based on general social cognitive theory, focuses on self-efficacy and outcome expectations in driving vocational behavior (Lent, 2013b; Lent et al., 1994).
- SCCT includes four predictive models: interest development, career choices, educational and vocational performance, and work and career satisfaction (Lent, 2013b).
- SCCT has been expanded to incorporate a process model that applies social cognitive principles to describe how individuals make career-related decisions, including managing uncertainty and setbacks, finding jobs, and balancing goals (Lent and Brown, 2013).
- SCCT self-management model specifies a large set of adaptive career behaviors and predicts how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, contextual factors, and general personality traits are related to different classes of these behaviors.
- SCCT has received the most empirical research attention of any contemporary career theory and remains connected to advances from other fields of psychology (Lent & Brown, 2013; Savickas, 2013).
- Researchers have begun to conduct systematic meta-analytic tests of many of SCCT’s predictions, leading to modifications of the theory and providing point estimates for many of the parameters in its structural models (S. D. Brown et al., 2008; S. D. Brown, Lent, Telander, & Tramayne, 2011; Rottinghaus, Larson, & Borgen, 2003; Sheu et al., 2010).
- Developmental career theories, such as Super’s Life-span, Life-space Theory and Gottfredson’s Theory of Circumscription and Compromise, complement P-E fit theories by focusing on the attitudes, contexts, and behaviors related to individuals’ career decisions.
- Classic developmental theories address how and why individuals make career decisions, while contemporary postmodern career theories reject the entire P-E fit paradigm, emphasizing the importance of constructing a strong career identity and remaining flexible and adaptable in the face of rapid societal, economic, and technological changes.
- Super's Life-span, Life-space Theory describes a sequence of five developmental stages through which individuals pass during their lives, each with particular developmental challenges, determined by personal characteristics, environmental features, and past experiences.
- A key construct in Super’s theory is career maturity, defined as an individual’s readiness to face the particular developmental challenges at each life
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Description
Test your knowledge of classic and postmodern career development theories with this quiz. Explore concepts such as Super's theory, Gottfredson’s theory, RIASEC interests, and Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). See how well you understand the principles and applications of these influential theories in the field of career development.
