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Questions and Answers
What does Anna Roe's Need Theory emphasize as a major influence on children's career choices?
What does Anna Roe's Need Theory emphasize as a major influence on children's career choices?
In Roe's categorization of parenting styles, which style is characterized by showing minimal care and neglecting a child's needs?
In Roe's categorization of parenting styles, which style is characterized by showing minimal care and neglecting a child's needs?
Which parenting style is associated with setting high expectations and placing challenges on the child?
Which parenting style is associated with setting high expectations and placing challenges on the child?
According to Donald Super's Self-Concept Theory, what influences the development of an individual's self-concept over time?
According to Donald Super's Self-Concept Theory, what influences the development of an individual's self-concept over time?
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What characteristic is associated with the 'Loving' style of parenting according to Roe's theory?
What characteristic is associated with the 'Loving' style of parenting according to Roe's theory?
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What does the term 'Emotional Deprivation' in Roe's theory refer to?
What does the term 'Emotional Deprivation' in Roe's theory refer to?
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What is one of the main reasons individuals might change their future career choices?
What is one of the main reasons individuals might change their future career choices?
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Which parenting style is described as giving simple love and concern only when available?
Which parenting style is described as giving simple love and concern only when available?
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According to social learning theory, what shapes an individual's unique character?
According to social learning theory, what shapes an individual's unique character?
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What is a potential outcome of a child raised by over-protective parents?
What is a potential outcome of a child raised by over-protective parents?
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What is the focus of the exploration stage in career development?
What is the focus of the exploration stage in career development?
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Why can inadequate career guidance lead to poor career choices?
Why can inadequate career guidance lead to poor career choices?
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During which stage of career development does a person primarily focus on reducing work and preparing for retirement?
During which stage of career development does a person primarily focus on reducing work and preparing for retirement?
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What does self-observation generalization involve?
What does self-observation generalization involve?
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Which life role is NOT mentioned in Donald Super's eight life roles?
Which life role is NOT mentioned in Donald Super's eight life roles?
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What role do emotional responses play in task approach skills?
What role do emotional responses play in task approach skills?
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According to Eli Ginzberg's theory, which factor influences career development by addressing one’s ability to handle pressure?
According to Eli Ginzberg's theory, which factor influences career development by addressing one’s ability to handle pressure?
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Which factor is NOT associated with genetic endowment in career choices?
Which factor is NOT associated with genetic endowment in career choices?
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How do environmental conditions influence career preferences?
How do environmental conditions influence career preferences?
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What characterizes the establishment stage of career development?
What characterizes the establishment stage of career development?
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What is the concept of Planned Happenstance related to?
What is the concept of Planned Happenstance related to?
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In Ginzberg's theory, what is essential to ensure success in a desired career?
In Ginzberg's theory, what is essential to ensure success in a desired career?
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Which of the following stages is NOT part of the three stages of vocational choices according to Eli Ginzberg?
Which of the following stages is NOT part of the three stages of vocational choices according to Eli Ginzberg?
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What key factor determines satisfaction in a person's career according to the emotional factor?
What key factor determines satisfaction in a person's career according to the emotional factor?
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What is the main focus of children during the childhood stage?
What is the main focus of children during the childhood stage?
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At what age range do individuals enter the tentative period of adolescence?
At what age range do individuals enter the tentative period of adolescence?
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What is a key characteristic of the adulthood stage?
What is a key characteristic of the adulthood stage?
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Which sub-stage involves the individual building fondness for a specific profession?
Which sub-stage involves the individual building fondness for a specific profession?
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What do individuals learn during the tentative period regarding their interests?
What do individuals learn during the tentative period regarding their interests?
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What concept is associated with the values stage in the transition period?
What concept is associated with the values stage in the transition period?
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How do cultural background and values affect vocational choices?
How do cultural background and values affect vocational choices?
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What happens during the exploration stage of adulthood?
What happens during the exploration stage of adulthood?
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What outcome does a positive experience mainly contribute to an individual?
What outcome does a positive experience mainly contribute to an individual?
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What is the primary focus of the Generalization Theory in career choice?
What is the primary focus of the Generalization Theory in career choice?
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At what stage do children begin to classify people as stronger or weaker based on occupation?
At what stage do children begin to classify people as stronger or weaker based on occupation?
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How do children in the orientation to social values stage categorize occupations?
How do children in the orientation to social values stage categorize occupations?
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What role does the presence of successful models play in an individual's career development?
What role does the presence of successful models play in an individual's career development?
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What does the orientation to the internal technique self stage achieve?
What does the orientation to the internal technique self stage achieve?
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What is a key aspect of children in the orientation to sex roles stage?
What is a key aspect of children in the orientation to sex roles stage?
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What does Gottfredson's theory ultimately emphasize about career choice?
What does Gottfredson's theory ultimately emphasize about career choice?
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What does the main tenet of happenstance learning theory emphasize?
What does the main tenet of happenstance learning theory emphasize?
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Which type of learning experience involves actively engaging in tasks and observing the outcomes?
Which type of learning experience involves actively engaging in tasks and observing the outcomes?
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What is a characteristic of associative learning experiences?
What is a characteristic of associative learning experiences?
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How does happenstance learning theory view career development?
How does happenstance learning theory view career development?
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What role do parents play in the socialization process according to the content?
What role do parents play in the socialization process according to the content?
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What does the phrase 'Experience is the best teacher' imply in the context of instrumental learning?
What does the phrase 'Experience is the best teacher' imply in the context of instrumental learning?
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Which statement best describes the process of socialization mentioned in the content?
Which statement best describes the process of socialization mentioned in the content?
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How do students typically develop their own interests and beliefs according to associative learning experiences?
How do students typically develop their own interests and beliefs according to associative learning experiences?
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Study Notes
Career Development Theories
- Various theories explain career paths, success, and behaviors. They aim to explain why a person might be a good fit for a certain career and provide guidance on achieving a promising trajectory.
Roe's Need Theory
- A person's career choices are influenced by their interaction with parents.
- A child's interactions with parents determine whether they pursue person-oriented or non-person-oriented jobs.
- Early childhood experiences significantly influence career choices.
- Parental interaction style has a major impact on a child's motivational intensity.
- Three categories of parenting styles are presented.
Avoidance
- Neglect: Parents do not show love or concern, provide minimal care, and create conflicts.
- Emotional Deprivation: Parents do not care about a child, often humiliate them, and belittle their abilities.
Acceptable
- Casual: Parents set rules but do not always maintain them, provide simple love, and express concern when appropriate.
- Loving: Parents show warm attention and help children solve problems, provide praise, and allow reasonable freedom.
Concentrative
- Over-protective: Parents try to satisfy all the needs of the child, create a protective "fence," reduce freedom, give excessive praise and rewards, often intervening excessively.
- Over-demanding: Parents have high expectations and impose numerous challenges on the child, setting conditions for conformity and social achievement, often demanding high standards in exchange for love.
Super's Self-Concept Theory
- Self-concept changes and develops over time due to experiences.
- Experiences influence personal values related to career and goals.
- Five stages of career development are presented.
- Growth (birth to 14 years): Developing attitudes toward work.
- Exploration (15 to 24 years): Trying different career paths through classes, hobbies, and casual work.
- Establishment (25 to 44 years): Developing entry-level job skills and work experience.
- Maintenance (45 to 65 years): Changing career elements to improve position.
- Decline (65+ years): Reducing work and preparing for retirement.
- Eight life roles exist: Child, Student, Leisurite, Citizen, Worker, Parent, Spouse, Homemaker.
Ginzberg's Vocational Choice Theory
- Career development is influenced by reality, educational processes, emotional factors, individual values.
- Four factors that influence career development:
- Reality Factor: The ability to handle pressure in a chosen career path.
- Educational Process: One must have proper educational preparation to succeed in a desired career.
- Emotional Factor: Satisfaction is determined by emotional security.
- Individual Values: Anything cherished and esteemed must be satisfied to attain happiness and fulfillment.
- Career development is a long-term process requiring education, vision, values, goals, and skills.
- Vocational choices have three stages:
- Childhood or Fantasy (up to age 11): Engaging in playful, stimulating occupations.
- Adolescence or Tentative (13 to 19 years): Focusing on work requirements and aligning interests with abilities.
- Adulthood or Realistic (17 to 20+ years): Recognizing a career path, considering alternatives, and creating contingency plans.
- Exploration, Crystallization, Specification sub-stages for adulthood.
Gottfredson's Circumspection and Compromise
- Five stages of development (age ranges are given):
- Orientation to internal technique and self.
- Orientation to social values.
- Orientation to sex roles.
- Orientation to size and power.
- Compromise: The need for compromise is an issue since jobs wanted may differ significantly from available ones. Important to emphasize the value of exploration, realism, and information for career counselors.
- Five recommendations for guidance counselors: work with core traits, sample various experiences, surround oneself with encouraging people, acknowledge uniqueness of individuals and situations, and keep an open mind.
Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory
- Each individual has personal genetic endowment.
- As a person grows, he learns from experiences, such as social, political, and economic events and applies learned knowledge.
- One's past experiences (rewards/punishments, successes/failures) greatly impact future decisions.
- Interaction between learning experiences and reactions results in a unique individual.
- Several factors influence career choices: genetic endowment, environmental conditions, learning experiences, emotional response.
- Self-observation and generalization are important factors impacting career choices.
- A theory of planned happenstance suggests adapting to unexpected life events.
- Two categories of learning experiences: instrumental and associative.
- Instrumental learning: actively engaging in actions and observing consequences to develop understanding.
- Associative learning: observing other people and their experiences to learn.
Generalization Theory
- When one enters the workforce, choosing a career that matches personal traits (abilities, interests) is crucial for job satisfaction.
Generalization Theory
- Socialization is a necessary process that introduces children to cultural values & beliefs. Parents are the primary influencers for this aspect.
- Positive experiences build self-confidence and self-efficacy, impacting future career choices.
- Having successful models helps individuals do self-evaluations.
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Description
Test your understanding of various career development theories, particularly Roe's Need Theory. Explore how parental interaction influences career choices and the effects of different parenting styles on a child's career trajectory.
