Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between systolic pressure and stroke volume?
What is the relationship between systolic pressure and stroke volume?
- Lower systolic pressure has no effect on stroke volume
- Higher systolic pressure leads to decreased stroke volume (correct)
- Higher systolic pressure leads to increased stroke volume
- Lower systolic pressure leads to decreased stroke volume
Which factor influences preload by contributing to ventricular wall tension at the end of diastole?
Which factor influences preload by contributing to ventricular wall tension at the end of diastole?
- Atrial kick (correct)
- Valvular regurgitation
- Venous tone
- Body position
What does the Frank-Starling mechanism state about the relationship between ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) and stroke volume?
What does the Frank-Starling mechanism state about the relationship between ventricular end-diastolic volume (preload) and stroke volume?
- The heart will eject a greater stroke volume if it is filled to a smaller volume at the end of diastole
- The heart's stroke volume is not affected by the end-diastolic volume
- The heart will eject a greater stroke volume if it is filled to a greater volume at the end of diastole (correct)
- The heart will have a lower stroke volume if it is filled to a smaller volume at the end of diastole
What is afterload in the context of ventricular function?
What is afterload in the context of ventricular function?
How do increases in afterload affect the Frank-Starling curve and stroke volume?
How do increases in afterload affect the Frank-Starling curve and stroke volume?
What is contractility defined as in the context of cardiac physiology?
What is contractility defined as in the context of cardiac physiology?
Which event takes place during diastole in the cardiac cycle?
Which event takes place during diastole in the cardiac cycle?
What does Wigger's diagram depict?
What does Wigger's diagram depict?
Which type of hypertrophy is expected in response to mitral regurgitation?
Which type of hypertrophy is expected in response to mitral regurgitation?
What is the normal mitral valve area?
What is the normal mitral valve area?
Which condition is a cause of mitral stenosis?
Which condition is a cause of mitral stenosis?
What is the goal for heart rate in the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis?
What is the goal for heart rate in the anesthetic management of mitral stenosis?
What is the pathophysiological effect of chronic mitral regurgitation on the left ventricle?
What is the pathophysiological effect of chronic mitral regurgitation on the left ventricle?
Which condition is a cause of aortic regurgitation?
Which condition is a cause of aortic regurgitation?
What is the expected effect of aortic regurgitation on the left ventricle?
What is the expected effect of aortic regurgitation on the left ventricle?
"Fast and forward" is a goal in the anesthetic management of which condition?
"Fast and forward" is a goal in the anesthetic management of which condition?
What is the expected effect of aortic stenosis on ventricular thickness?
What is the expected effect of aortic stenosis on ventricular thickness?
What does the acronym 'SAD' represent in the context of aortic stenosis?
What does the acronym 'SAD' represent in the context of aortic stenosis?
What is the primary role of Bachmann's bundle in the heart's conduction system?
What is the primary role of Bachmann's bundle in the heart's conduction system?
What is the role of Purkinje fibers in the heart's conduction system?
What is the role of Purkinje fibers in the heart's conduction system?
What is the main function of the SA node in the heart's conduction system?
What is the main function of the SA node in the heart's conduction system?
Which part of the heart serves as the link between atrial and ventricular depolarization?
Which part of the heart serves as the link between atrial and ventricular depolarization?
What occurs as a result of dysfunction in the left bundle branch of the heart's conduction system?
What occurs as a result of dysfunction in the left bundle branch of the heart's conduction system?
Which part of the heart plays a role in atrial fibrillation and interatrial block?
Which part of the heart plays a role in atrial fibrillation and interatrial block?
What is the major function of the bundle of His (AV bundle) in the heart's conduction system?
What is the major function of the bundle of His (AV bundle) in the heart's conduction system?
What is the significance of gap junctions in the heart's conduction system?
What is the significance of gap junctions in the heart's conduction system?
What occurs during systole in the cardiac cycle?
What occurs during systole in the cardiac cycle?
What is the primary function of isovolumetric relaxation in the cardiac cycle?
What is the primary function of isovolumetric relaxation in the cardiac cycle?
What does the pressure-volume loop provide an assessment of?
What does the pressure-volume loop provide an assessment of?
What happens when LV pressure exceeds LA pressure but is less than aortic pressure in the cardiac cycle?
What happens when LV pressure exceeds LA pressure but is less than aortic pressure in the cardiac cycle?
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by a period of rapid ejection of blood from the ventricle?
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is characterized by a period of rapid ejection of blood from the ventricle?
What happens when LV pressure falls below aortic pressure in the cardiac cycle?
What happens when LV pressure falls below aortic pressure in the cardiac cycle?
What is the primary factor responsible for LV dysfunction when EF < 40%?
What is the primary factor responsible for LV dysfunction when EF < 40%?
What is the primary indicator used to calculate stroke volume in the pressure-volume loop?
What is the primary indicator used to calculate stroke volume in the pressure-volume loop?
What is the primary determinant of resting membrane potential (RMP) in cells?
What is the primary determinant of resting membrane potential (RMP) in cells?
What happens to the RMP when serum potassium (K+) decreases?
What happens to the RMP when serum potassium (K+) decreases?
What initiates the depolarization of the cell membrane?
What initiates the depolarization of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the Sodium-Potassium ATPase (pump) in cardiac cells?
What is the main function of the Sodium-Potassium ATPase (pump) in cardiac cells?
What is the characteristic feature of the SA node's resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What is the characteristic feature of the SA node's resting membrane potential (RMP)?
What is responsible for the slow depolarization known as 'pacemaker potential' in the SA node?
What is responsible for the slow depolarization known as 'pacemaker potential' in the SA node?
What is the rate of inherent conduction for atrial pacemakers (SA node)?
What is the rate of inherent conduction for atrial pacemakers (SA node)?
What are the typical rates of conduction for Purkinje fibers?
What are the typical rates of conduction for Purkinje fibers?
What is the hallmark of right bundle branch block (RBBB) on an ECG?
What is the hallmark of right bundle branch block (RBBB) on an ECG?
Which phase of the ventricular muscle action potential is characterized by the opening of voltage-gated L-type Ca++ channels?
Which phase of the ventricular muscle action potential is characterized by the opening of voltage-gated L-type Ca++ channels?
What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) of the ventricular muscle cell?
What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) of the ventricular muscle cell?
During which phase of the action potential is the cell easier to depolarize?
During which phase of the action potential is the cell easier to depolarize?
What is the absolute refractory period in the context of action potentials?
What is the absolute refractory period in the context of action potentials?
What ion is the myocyte permeable to, but not to other electrolytes or proteins?
What ion is the myocyte permeable to, but not to other electrolytes or proteins?
What differentiates the action potentials of different types of heart cells?
What differentiates the action potentials of different types of heart cells?
What phenomenon refers to the internal voltage at which the cell depolarizes and exhibits an all or none response?
What phenomenon refers to the internal voltage at which the cell depolarizes and exhibits an all or none response?
What does the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential allow for?
What does the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential allow for?
During which period may a second action potential be fired with a greater than normal stimulus?
During which period may a second action potential be fired with a greater than normal stimulus?
