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Questions and Answers
At what stage of development does the heart start beating?
At what stage of development does the heart start beating?
- 4 weeks (correct)
- 1 week
- 3 weeks
- 2 weeks
What is the structure that forms cardiac progenitor cells during embryonic development?
What is the structure that forms cardiac progenitor cells during embryonic development?
- Neural folds
- Pericardial cavity
- Oropharyngeal membrane
- Primitive streak (correct)
Which of the following best describes the cardiogenic field?
Which of the following best describes the cardiogenic field?
- The area responsible for blood diffusion
- A type of muscle tissue in the heart
- A horseshoe-shaped endothelial-lined tube (correct)
- A region where the heart and lungs develop
What occurs at about the 22nd day of development?
What occurs at about the 22nd day of development?
Where is the apex of the heart located?
Where is the apex of the heart located?
What is the main function of the cardiac progenitor cells?
What is the main function of the cardiac progenitor cells?
Which embryonic process assists in the positioning of the heart in the thoracic cavity?
Which embryonic process assists in the positioning of the heart in the thoracic cavity?
What do the inner and outer layers of the heart tube consist of?
What do the inner and outer layers of the heart tube consist of?
How is the septum formed when it does not involve endocardial cushions?
How is the septum formed when it does not involve endocardial cushions?
What is the structure referred to as the ostium primum?
What is the structure referred to as the ostium primum?
What is a key characteristic of the septum secundum?
What is a key characteristic of the septum secundum?
What does the foramen ovale refer to?
What does the foramen ovale refer to?
What happens to the upper part of the septum primum over time?
What happens to the upper part of the septum primum over time?
What occurs as the right atrium incorporates the sinus horn?
What occurs as the right atrium incorporates the sinus horn?
How do extensions from the endocardial cushions contribute to septum formation?
How do extensions from the endocardial cushions contribute to septum formation?
What role does the surrounding proliferating tissue play in septum formation?
What role does the surrounding proliferating tissue play in septum formation?
What structure connects both sides of the pericardial cavity after the dorsal mesocardium disappears?
What structure connects both sides of the pericardial cavity after the dorsal mesocardium disappears?
During the formation of the cardiac loop, which portion of the heart tube bends ventrally?
During the formation of the cardiac loop, which portion of the heart tube bends ventrally?
What is the trabeculated proximal third of the bulbus cordis referred to as?
What is the trabeculated proximal third of the bulbus cordis referred to as?
What process contributes to the division of the heart's lumen into two canals?
What process contributes to the division of the heart's lumen into two canals?
Which of the following structures forms the outflow tracts of both ventricles?
Which of the following structures forms the outflow tracts of both ventricles?
The major septa of the heart are formed between which days of development?
The major septa of the heart are formed between which days of development?
What role do endocardial cushions play in heart development?
What role do endocardial cushions play in heart development?
What happens to the atrial portion of the heart tube during its development?
What happens to the atrial portion of the heart tube during its development?
What occurs after birth as lung circulation begins?
What occurs after birth as lung circulation begins?
What is the term for the condition resulting from incomplete fusion of the septum primum and septum secundum?
What is the term for the condition resulting from incomplete fusion of the septum primum and septum secundum?
What happens by the end of the fifth week of fetal development regarding the atrioventricular canal?
What happens by the end of the fifth week of fetal development regarding the atrioventricular canal?
What can occur if there is a complete absence of the atrial septum?
What can occur if there is a complete absence of the atrial septum?
From where do the aortic arches arise?
From where do the aortic arches arise?
What happens to the first aortic arch by day 27 of development?
What happens to the first aortic arch by day 27 of development?
Which arteries are remnants of the second aortic arch?
Which arteries are remnants of the second aortic arch?
At 29 days of development, which aortic arches are noted to be large?
At 29 days of development, which aortic arches are noted to be large?
Study Notes
Objectives of Cardiovascular System Study
- Understand the gross anatomy of the heart.
- Explore the development of the cardiogenic field.
- Describe the folding process of the embryo.
- Discuss the formation and position of the heart tube.
- Analyze the development of the cardiac loop.
- Examine the formation of cardiac septa.
- Describe the development of the atrial system.
Heart Basics
- Starts beating by the end of the 4th week of embryonic development.
- Beats approximately 100,000 times daily.
- Functions primarily as a pump for blood circulation.
Location of the Heart
- Positioned in the thoracic cavity, specifically within the mediastinum.
- The base of the heart is located behind the sternum.
- The apex is above the diaphragm and slightly left of the midline.
Establishment of the Cardiogenic Field
- Vascular system begins developing in the middle of the third week.
- Cardiac progenitor cells migrate through the primitive streak to form cardiac myoblasts.
- Blood islands in mesoderm contribute to the formation of blood cells and vessels through vasculogenesis.
Formation and Position of the Heart Tube
- By the 22nd day, two heart tubes fuse into one, lined by endocardium and surrounded by myocardium.
- The heart tube remains attached to the dorsal side of the pericardial cavity via the dorsal mesocardium; this later disappears.
Formation of the Cardiac Loop
- Occurs around day 23, with the heart tube bending to create a loop.
- The atrial portion shifts dorsocranially and to the left, forming a common atrium.
- At the end of this phase, the primitive left and right ventricles have distinctive regions.
Formation of the Cardiac Septa
- Major septa develop between the 27th and 37th days.
- Endocardial cushions assist in forming atrial and ventricular septa and atrioventricular canals.
- Septum formation can occur via fusing tissue masses or growth of narrow tissue strips.
Atrial Septum Development
- A septum primum grows from the atrial roof towards the endocardial cushions.
- The ostium primum allows blood flow between right and left primitive atria.
- The ostium secundum forms via perforations ensuring right to left atrial blood flow.
Functionality of the Oval Foramen
- After birth, the oval foramen closes due to increased left atrial pressure, separating the right and left atria.
Atrioventricular Canal Septum Formation
- Atrioventricular endocardial cushions develop and fuse, creating distinct orifices by the end of the fifth week.
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- ASD occurs due to the complete lack of atrial septum or inadequate septum secundum development.
Vascular Development Overview
- The aortic arches arise from the aortic sac and are associated with pharyngeal arches.
- Five pairs of aortic arches are numbered I, II, III, IV, and VI, some of which regress during development.
- By day 27, remnants of the first and second arches form specific arteries, with the third, fourth, and sixth arches continuing to develop.
- By day 29, the trunk-aortic sac has divided, linking sixth arches to the pulmonary trunk.
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Description
This quiz explores the objectives of studying the cardiovascular system, including the anatomy of the heart and its development throughout embryonic stages. Gain insights into the heart's formation, location, and significance as a circulatory pump. Perfect for students keen on understanding the intricate workings of human anatomy.
