Cardiovascular System Structure
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Questions and Answers

What type of capillary has a permeability somewhere between that of continuous and sinusoidal capillaries?

  • Sinusoidal capillary
  • Fenestrated capillary (correct)
  • Capillary with a permeability identical to that of sinusoidal capillaries
  • Continuous capillary

    • Which of the following types of capillaries has a basal lamina that is discontinuous?

  • Continuous capillary
  • Fenestrated capillary
  • Sinusoidal capillary (correct)
  • All of the above

    • What is a characteristic of arterioles?

  • Media has only one layer of smooth muscle cells
  • Prominent internal and external elastic lamina
  • Relatively thin wall and large lumen (correct)
  • Thick media composed of sheets of elastic fibers

    • Which type of artery has a thick media composed of sheets of elastic fibers?

    <p>Elastic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of venules and veins?

    <p>Thin intima, valves are sometimes present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary is found in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen?

    <p>Sinusoidal capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of medium-sized veins?

    <p>Thin media composed of a few elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of artery has a prominent internal and external elastic lamina?

    <p>Muscular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>To transport and exchange nutrients and waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence correctly describes the flow of blood through the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Heart → Arteries → Capillaries → Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three layers of blood vessels known as?

    <p>Intima, Media, Externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary is the least permeable?

    <p>Continuous capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes fenestrated capillaries?

    <p>Have small perforations in endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are generally found in the media layer of blood vessels?

    <p>Smooth muscle and elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would you expect to find sinusoidal capillaries?

    <p>In the liver and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the intima layer in blood vessels?

    <p>To minimize friction during blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular System

    • The cardiovascular system transports and exchanges nutrients, oxygen, body fluids, waste material, heat, and blood cells around the body.

    Blood Vessels

    • Basic structure: closed system of plumbing with blood circulating through pipes (blood vessels) and propelled by an in-line pump (the heart)
    • Blood flows through the system in the following order: heart → elastic artery → muscular artery → arteriole → capillaries → venules → vein → heart

    The Three Layers (Tunics) of Blood Vessels

    • Intima: endothelium and subendothelium
    • Media: varying compositions in different vessels
    • Externa: vasa vasorum and other components

    Capillaries

    • Smallest diameter of all blood vessels (7-9 μm)
    • Function: allow exchange of metabolites and waste between blood and surrounding tissue
    • Composed of a single layer of endothelial cells resting on a basal lamina
    • Three types:
      • Continuous capillaries (least permeable): found in muscle, connective tissue, glands, and nerve tissue
      • Fenestrated capillaries: found in places where substances need to move quickly between tissues and blood (e.g. kidney, intestine, and endocrine organs)
      • Sinusoidal capillaries (most permeable): found in liver, bone marrow, and spleen

    Venules and Arterioles

    • Relatively thin wall and big lumen in venules
    • Relatively thick wall and small lumen in arterioles
    • Media composition differs between venules and arterioles

    Arteries

    • Muscular arteries: thick media composed of smooth muscle cells, prominent internal and external elastic lamina
    • Elastic arteries: thick media composed of sheets of elastic fibers, interspersed with layers of smooth muscle cells
    • Examples: aorta and its large branches are elastic arteries, while "named" arteries (e.g. femoral artery) are usually muscular arteries

    Veins

    • Medium-sized vein: thin intima, may have valves, thin media composed of a few elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells, relatively thick externa
    • Large vein: thin intima, may have valves, thin media like medium-sized veins, relatively thick externa composed of longitudinal collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle cells
    • Examples: "named" veins (e.g. portal vein) are usually large veins

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