Cardiovascular System Self-Assessment

Blood flows through a network of blood vessels that extend from the ____ to the peripheral tissues.

Blood is carried away from the heart by:

Capillaries are often called ______ as their thin walls permit exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

How many muscular chambers does the heart contain?

The right atrium passes blood to the right ventricle, which pumps blood into the:

The left atrium empties blood into the left ventricle, which pumps blood into the:

When the heart beats, the ventricles contract at the same time and the right ventricle ejects a ____ amount of blood than the left ventricle.

The heart has a series of ____ valves.

The right atrioventricular (AV) valve is known as the:

Semilunar valves include:

Blood from the systemic circuit flows through the venae cavae into the:

Which type of cells control and co-ordinate heartbeat?

Each heartbeat begins with an action potential generated at a pacemaker called the:

Electrical events of the conducting system can be monitored from the surface of the body by means of an:

The arrival of an electrical impulse at a cardiac muscle cell membrane produces an ____ (comparable to that in a skeletal muscle fibre), and this triggers the contraction of the cardiac muscle cell.

The period between the start of one heartbeat and the start of the next is called the:

In contrast to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle tissue contracts:

The cardiac conduction system contains each the following elements, EXCEPT:

The conducting cells in the atria are found in:

Each time the heart beats, a wave of depolarization travels down the ventricular septum to the apex of the heart, from where it spreads through the ventricular:

The electrical activity of the heart can be monitored by means of an graphical recording, which gives information on performance off each of the following specific components, EXCEPT:

Which appears as the ventricles depolarize?

The P-R interval is the time from the start of ______ to the start of the QRS complex and extension by even 0.2 sec can indicate damage to the conducting pathways or the atrioventricular (AV) node.

The Q-T interval indicates the time required for the ventricles to undergo a single cycle of depolarization and repolarization and extension may indicate all of the following, EXCEPT:

The action potential in a contractile cell is different than that observed in a skeletal muscle cell in that it has each of the following distinct steps, EXCEPT:

An action potential begins when the membrane of ventricular muscle cell reaches threshold (-75 mV) from the resting potential of -90 mV, this results in opening of:

The plateau phase of a cardiac action potential last for:

At the end of the plateau phase potassium (K+) channels open leading to a rapid repolarization that restores:

In the cardiac cycle a phase of contraction is known as:

Systole is followed by ______ during which the chamber fills with blood.

There are ____ heart sounds

Cardiodynamics is NOT dictated by which of the following factors:

Cardiac output is an indication of blood flow through peripheral tissues and provides a useful indication of:

An increased heart rate is primarily caused by which one of the following:

An increased stroke volume is primarily caused by:

_______ is calculated as the end-diastolic volume (EDV, ~135 ml) minus the end-systolic volume (ESV, ~65 ml).

The end systolic volume (ESV) is influenced by each of the following, EXCEPT:

Pressure within the cardiovascular system, the circulatory pressure is often divided into each of the following components EXCEPT:

For circulation to occur the pressure gradient must be great enough to overcome the:

Blood flow is determined by the each of following parameters, EXCEPT:

What is the role of the heart in the cardiovascular system?

What is the structure of the blood vessel network?

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

What is the primary role of capillaries?

How many chambers does the heart have?

What is the function of the right atrium and right ventricle?

What is the function of the left atrium and left ventricle?

What is the function of the heart valves?

Where does blood from the systemic circuit enter the heart?

What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in heart function?

What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) node?

What does an electrocardiogram (ECG) record?

How does an action potential influence cardiac muscle contraction?

What are the main phases of the cardiac cycle?

How does cardiac muscle contraction differ from skeletal muscle contraction?

What is the function of Purkinje fibers in heart conduction?

How does the wave of depolarization travel during a heartbeat?

What do the different waves on an ECG represent?

What does the P-R interval on an ECG represent?

What does the Q-T interval on an ECG represent?

What causes the plateau phase in a cardiac action potential?

What is stroke volume (SV), and what factors influence it?

What is cardiac output (CO), and how is it calculated?

What is heart rate (HR), and what factors influence it?

What causes a higher heart rate (tachycardia)?

What causes a lower heart rate (bradycardia)?

What is circulatory pressure, and what factors influence it?

What is blood flow, and what factors influence it?