Chpt. 15, 16, 17

Cardiovascular System Quiz Review

• Question 1: PTA and calcium generate thrombin.
• Question 2: S₂ is the second heart sound, caused by the closure of the AV valves at the beginning of ventricular contraction.
• Question 3: The atrioventricular (AV) node delays the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles.
• Question 4: The heart sounds "lubb-dupp" are caused by the closing of the heart valves.
• Question 5: Blood flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
• Question 6: The correct sequence for blood flow is right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → pulmonary capillaries.
• Question 7: Blood is most likely to flow backward (e.g., from the left ventricle to the left atrium) due to an insufficient mitral valve.
• Question 8: The myocardium is nourished by the coronary arteries, contracts in response to electrical signals, and is thicker in the left ventricle than the right ventricle; all of these are true.
• Question 9: Abnormal heart rates include tachycardia, bradycardia, and normal sinus rhythm.
• Question 10: The heart sounds "lubb-dupp" are caused by the closure of heart valves.
• Question 11: The catheter does not pass through the pulmonary veins on its way to the pulmonary capillaries.
• Question 12: The left ventricle is the hardest working cardiac chamber and has the thickest myocardium.
• Question 13: Depolarization is an electrical event.
• Question 14: Purkinje fibers are the conducting fibers that rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricles.
• Question 15: The "lubb" sound is related to the closure of the AV valves during ventricular contraction.
• Question 16: The myocardium is the layer of the heart that allows it to act as a pump.
• Question 17: Right semilunar valve stenosis causes right ventricular hypertrophy.
• Question 18: Heart failure is associated with an increased end-diastolic volume (EDV) and a decreased ejection fraction.
• Question 19: Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume.
• Question 20: Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium causes a positive inotropic effect.
• Question 21: A sympathomimetic drug causes an increase in heart rate, conduction speed, and contractility.
• Question 22: Cor pulmonale is characterized by an elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy.
• Question 23: Digoxin decreases heart rate and strengthens myocardial contraction; the result of a (-) chronotropic effect and (+) inotropic effect.
• Question 24: Beta₁-adrenergic agonists are sympathomimetics.
• Question 25: A beta₁-adrenergic blocker is used to slow heart rate in anxious patients.
• Question 26: An undesirable side effect of a drug is most often associated with a negative inotropic effect.
• Question 27: Increased afterload, such as hypertension, increases the work of the heart.
• Question 28: An increase in venous return, due to Starling's Law of the Heart, increases cardiac output.
• Question 29: Cardiac output is defined as milliliters/beat x beats/min.
• Question 30: End-diastolic volume is synonymous with preload.
• Question 31: Atropine, a muscarinic blocker, increases heart rate.
• Question 32: Vagally induced bradycardia is not a result of sympathetic nerve firing.
• Question 33: Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate by stroke volume.
• Question 34: Angina pectoris is most likely to result from decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries.