Cardiovascular System: RAAS Medications - ACE Inhibitors & ARBs
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Questions and Answers

Which medication class is known for preventing calcium from entering cells, resulting in decreased heart rate and myocardial contraction?

  • Beta blockers
  • Cardiac Glycosides
  • Vasodilators
  • Calcium Channel Blockers (correct)

    • Which medication class is primarily used for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris?

  • Beta blockers
  • Vasodilators (correct)
  • Organic nitrates
  • Cardiac Glycosides

    • Which medication is associated with adverse effects such as headaches, drowsiness, flushing, fatigue, dizziness, and edema?

  • Nitroprusside
  • Amlodipine (correct)
  • Digoxin
  • Hydralazine

    • Which medication is particularly used in severe hypertension but has potential serious side effects?

    <p>Minoxidil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is known for increasing the force of contraction, slowing conduction, and increasing the refractory period of the heart?

    <p>Cardiac Glycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)?

    <p>Blocking access to receptors in blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) according to the text?

    <p>Dry irritating nonproductive cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) differ from Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)?

    <p>They have similar effects but do not inhibit Kinase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition are Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) NOT proven to decrease the risk of according to the text?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when administering the first dose of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) especially if the patient is on a diuretic?

    <p>Lowering the initial dose or stopping the diuretic 2-3 days prior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique adverse effect associated with quinidine?

    <p>Lupus-like syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific first-line use of quinidine in the African American population?

    <p>Hypertensive crisis intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common early sign of toxicity associated with quinidine that should be monitored?

    <p>Anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug works directly on smooth muscle to promote vein dilation and decrease oxygen demand?

    <p>Nitroglycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to handle nitroglycerin carefully, avoiding light, heat, or moisture?

    <p>To maintain its explosive properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific use of captopril?

    <p>Treatment of heart failure and nephropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug category can cause rebound hypertension if stopped abruptly?

    <p>ACE inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does aliskirin have on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?

    <p>Suppresses the entire RAAS cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a selective aldosterone receptor blocker with fewer side effects than spironolactone?

    <p>Eplerenone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition is lisinopril specifically used?

    <p>Hypertension and heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution with the same concentration as plasma?

    <p>Isotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for early reabsorption of sodium and chloride?

    <p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of diuretics in the body?

    <p>Enhance sodium and chloride secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is considered less potent and more suitable for outpatient use?

    <p>Hydrochlorothiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of diuretics like furosemide on sodium and chloride in the body?

    <p>Block reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the condition of decreased urine output?

    <p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does blocking Na and Cl reabsorption have on urine excretion?

    <p>Increases urine production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone in the context of diuretics?

    <p>Inhibits the Na-K pump leading to increased potassium retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is unique to loop diuretics like furosemide compared to other diuretics mentioned?

    <p>Ototoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect experienced with triamterene, another potassium-sparing diuretic?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, differ from loop and potassium-sparing diuretics in terms of its mechanism of action?

    <p>Creates an osmotic force without affecting Na and K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is known for reducing intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure as part of its therapeutic uses?

    <p>Mannitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance is specifically associated with loop diuretics like furosemide?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction concern is unique to spironolactone among the mentioned diuretics?

    <p>Increased risk of digoxin toxicity due to potassium depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caution should be exercised when administering triamterene related to its side effects?

    <p>Renal or hepatic disease caution due to differing drug onset times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution that has a greater concentration than plasma?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to treat high potassium levels by avoiding foods or medications containing K?

    <p>Sodium polystyrene sulfonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of fluid volume excess therapy, what is the primary effect of diuretics on Na and Cl reabsorption?

    <p>Decrease Na and Cl reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main classification of diuretics that blocks Na and Cl in the loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Thiazide diuretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a condition characterized by abnormally low urine output?

    <p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of water reabsorption occurs in tubular secretion?

    <p>99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a solution with a concentration less than that of plasma?

    <p>Hypotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone as a diuretic?

    <p>Blocks aldosterone receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is NOT commonly associated with spironolactone use?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique adverse effect of triamterene among the mentioned diuretics?

    <p>Endocrine effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction concern is common to triamterene and spironolactone as potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mannitol differ in mechanism of action compared to loop and potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Creates osmotic force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT listed among the therapeutic uses of loop diuretics like furosemide?

    <p><strong>Hyponatremia</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of loop diuretics like furosemide that sets them apart from potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p><strong>Hypokalemia</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of sodium absorption and diuretic action in the kidneys?

    <p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a condition of abnormally low urine output?

    <p>Oliguria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism through which diuretics like furosemide impact urine excretion?

    <p>Increasing Na excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic is less potent and more suitable for outpatient use?

    <p>Hydrochlorothiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a solution that has a concentration greater than that of plasma?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of diuretics, what does the term 'nephron' primarily refer to?

    <p>Reabsorption process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main classification of diuretics that blocks sodium and chloride in early reabsorption within the loop of Henle?

    <p>Potassium-sparing diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is NOT commonly associated with loop diuretics like furosemide?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with the potassium-sparing diuretic spironolactone?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique adverse effect of triamterene among the mentioned diuretics?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance is specifically associated with spironolactone use?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect experienced with mannitol, an osmotic diuretic?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caution should be exercised when administering triamterene related to its side effects?

    <p>Electrolyte monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction concern is common to triamterene and spironolactone as potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Digoxin toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone as a potassium-sparing diuretic?

    <p>Inhibiting the Na/K exchange directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known for reducing intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure among the listed diuretics?

    <p>Mannitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance is specifically associated with loop diuretics like furosemide?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diuretic directly inhibits Na/K exchange, causing side effects such as dizziness, headache, and diarrhea?

    <p>Triamterene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique endocrine effect associated with triamterene among the mentioned diuretics?

    <p>Endocrine effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance is NOT commonly associated with spironolactone use?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect experienced with mannitol, an osmotic diuretic?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a condition of abnormally high urine output?

    <p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance is specifically associated with the use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate or dialysis for treating high potassium?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does urine formation primarily involve filtrations, reabsorption, and tubular secretion?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most suitable diuretic for outpatient use due to being less potent compared to others?

    <p>Hydrochlorothiazide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a solution that has a greater concentration than plasma?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does blocking Na and Cl reabsorption have on urine excretion?

    <p>Increases urine excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of diuretics blocks Na & Cl in the early reabsorption in the loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule?

    <p>Thiazide diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

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