Cardiovascular System Quiz

<p>It exits capillary beds into venules before returning to the heart. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left atrium -&gt; left ventricle -&gt; aorta. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance increases exponentially as vessel diameter decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enlarges the lumen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Act as blood reservoirs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerotic plaques. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is about four times that of water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vessel elasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contraction or relaxation of smooth muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic circuit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent backflow of blood into the atria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interatrial septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interconnect arteries and veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systemic circuit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pointed tip that is directed inferiorly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interventricular septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tunica externa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic arteries contain more elastic fibers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To anchor the vessel to surrounding tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A vein has a large, irregular lumen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exchanging materials between blood and interstitial fluid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exclusively contains elastic fibers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External elastic membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>84% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common carotid arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertebral veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Celiac trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axillary vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External and internal iliac arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vertebral artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrointestinal tract and liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in nodal and conducting cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aneurysm due to pressure changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased platelet count (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides calcium for muscle contractions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of stroke or infarction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Great saphenous vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of atherosclerotic plaques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The right atrium is a chamber in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body. This blood travels through the systemic circulation, which carries blood to all parts of the body.

The right ventricle is a chamber in the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. This blood then travels through the pulmonary circulation.

The left atrium is a chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. It then passes the blood to the left ventricle.

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the systemic circulation. It's the strongest chamber as it pumps blood to the whole body.

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. They usually carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Veins are blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. They usually carry deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. They are the sites of gas exchange, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and tissues.

The interatrial septum is a muscular wall that separates the two atria of the heart. It prevents the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the heart.

The pulmonary trunk is the large artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.

The pulmonary arteries branch off from the pulmonary trunk and carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Pulmonary capillaries are tiny blood vessels that surround the alveoli in the lungs, where gas exchange occurs.

Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the heart.

The pulmonary circuit is the blood flow pathway between the heart and the lungs, where blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

The outermost layer of blood vessels, anchoring the vessel to surrounding tissues. Made of collagen and elastic fibers, with smooth muscle in veins.

The innermost layer of blood vessels, containing the endothelium that lines the vessel, connective tissue, and an internal elastic membrane in arteries.

The middle layer of blood vessels, composed of smooth muscle cells and loose connective tissue. Surrounding the endothelium, it helps regulate blood flow and pressure.

The smallest blood vessels, connecting arteries and veins. These thin-walled vessels allow for the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between blood and tissues.

Arteries with a thick wall and high blood pressure, featuring a small, round lumen and folded endothelium when constricted. These vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Veins with a thin wall and low blood pressure, featuring a large, irregular lumen and valves to prevent backflow. These vessels carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Large arteries, like the aorta, with a tunica media rich in elastic fibers. They dampen the pulse force, ensuring smooth blood flow.

Medium-sized arteries with a tunica media rich in smooth muscle cells. They regulate blood flow to different parts of the body.

Arteries change their diameter by contracting or relaxing smooth muscle cells in their walls. This is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system.

Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of an artery's diameter, caused by the contraction of smooth muscle in its walls.

Vasodilation is the widening of an artery's diameter, caused by the relaxation of smooth muscle in its walls.

Vascular resistance is the friction between blood and vessel walls. It's like a drag force that slows down blood flow.

Blood viscosity is the thickness of blood, mainly because of its molecules and suspended materials. This influences how easily blood flows.

Turbulence is the swirling action that disrupts smooth blood flow, usually occurring in heart chambers and major vessels. It can be caused by problems like atherosclerosis.

Capacitance in a blood vessel is its ability to stretch under pressure, like a balloon. Veins are more expandable than arteries and act as blood reservoirs.

Venoconstriction is the narrowing of veins, which helps increase the amount of blood in arteries and capillaries, especially during blood loss.

The systemic circuit includes all blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body and then back to the heart.

Systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and into the ascending aorta. The coronary arteries are a branch of the aortic sinus and supply blood to the heart muscle.

The hepatic portal system consists of veins that collect blood from the digestive organs and deliver it to the liver for processing. This is unique because the system begins and ends in capillaries.

The aorta is a major artery that carries oxygenated blood out of the left ventricle. It branches off into different arteries supplying various regions of the body.

The branches of the aortic arch supply blood to the head, neck, and upper limbs. They include the common carotid arteries, subclavian arteries, and vertebral arteries.

The descending aorta branches off into three main arteries to supply blood to the abdomen. These are the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery.

The abdominal aorta divides into common iliac arteries, which then further divide into external and internal iliac arteries. These branches supply blood to the pelvis and lower limbs.

The descending aorta connects to the popliteal artery, which then divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries. These vessels are responsible for supplying blood to the lower leg and foot.

Deep veins found in the lower leg, responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood towards the heart.

A large vein located behind the knee, receiving blood from the anterior and posterior tibial veins, popliteal artery, and other surrounding veins.

The main vein of the thigh, it collects blood from the popliteal vein and other lower limb veins, carrying it towards the pelvis.

The largest superficial vein in the body, it runs along the inner leg and thigh, draining blood from the surface of the leg and thigh.

Age-related decrease in the heart's ability to pump blood forcefully.

Accumulation of fatty deposits and calcium within the walls of arteries, narrowing the passage for blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke.

The formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel, often occurring in the legs due to weakened veins and reduced blood flow.

Loss of elasticity in arteries as we age, making them more prone to damage and increasing the risk of aneurysms.