Cardiovascular System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of an abnormal S4 heart sound?

  • Weak left ventricle (correct)
  • Weak right ventricle
  • Increased aortic pressure
  • Decreased blood volume
  • What principle dictates that fluid must move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure?

  • Boyle's Law
  • Starling's Law of the Heart
  • Bernoulli's Principle
  • Pascal's Principle (correct)
  • What factor affects Stroke Volume through its inotropic effects?

  • Carbon dioxide levels
  • Oxygen levels
  • Epinephrine (correct)
  • Blood viscosity
  • Which reflex involves baroreceptors in the carotid arteries and the aorta sensing changes in blood pressure?

    <p>Carotid Sinus Reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the amount of blood flowing from the atria to the ventricles during diastole?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Medullary Ischemic Reflex control when cerebral blood flow drops?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor will result in a decrease in Stroke Volume due to an increase in aortic pressure?

    <p>Decreased ventricular contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate at which the heart beats per minute?

    <p>Chronotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of cardiac function does Starling's Law of the Heart primarily relate to?

    <p>Contractile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism stimulates sympathetic impulses to constrict blood vessels when blood distribution or pressure changes?

    <p>Vasomotor Pressoreflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the atria relax and begin refilling?

    <p>Passive Ventricular Filling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart sound is caused by the closure of the semilunar valves?

    <p>S2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the purkinje fibers in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>To rapidly conduct impulses through the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle?

    <p>Tricuspid Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>AV valves close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves both atria contracting to complete emptying?

    <p>Atrial Systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the beginning of Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Ventricular depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle?

    <p>Mitral Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action characterizes Ejection phase in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Rapid increase in aortic blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Purkinje fibers in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>To connect the AV node to the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

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