Cardiovascular System Overview

______ Prostaglandin therapy to maintain a PDA

Babies with HLHS need to have a hole between the upper chambers of the heart (2) to allow oxygen-rich blood to pass into the heart so it can be pumped to the rest of the body

The goals of the first stage procedure in the Norwood operation is to create an unimpeded pathway of blood from the heart to the body, create a large communication between the upper chambers of the heart to allow oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to pass through the heart, and create a balanced flow of blood from the heart to the lungs

The Glenn operation is done at 3–6 months and involves connecting the superior vena cava directly into the ______

The Fontan operation, done at 8 months to 6 years of age, involves connecting the inferior vena cava directly into the ______ circulation, bypassing the heart

TRICUSPID ATRESIA is an extremely serious disorder because the tricuspid valve is completely closed, allowing no blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Patients with this disorder usually also have a ______

LEFT-TO-RIGHT SHUNTS is a type of acyanotic heart disease where there is an abnormal opening in the septum between the right and ______ sides

RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNTS is a type of cyanotic heart disease where blood is shunted from the venous to the arterial system due to abnormal communication between the two ______

In LEFT-TO-RIGHT SHUNTS, the infant is not ______ due to the oxygenated blood

Hypoxemia is a clinical manifestation of ______ SHUNTS

Polycythemia, increased RBC production, is seen in patients with RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNTS due to the body's attempt to compensate for ______

A second classification system has been established for congenital heart disorders that addresses the hemodynamic and blood flow patterns rather than their ______

CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS occur as a result of a congenital anomaly; either the heart developed inadequately in utero, or the heart can’t adapt to extrauterine life for some reason. A common congenital heart defect is ______.

Symptomatic of aortic stenosis is a weak and usually rapid ______.

A pulse of one strong beat and one weak beat is known as ______.

Normal pulse rate for a 6-year-old is between ______ beats per minute.

CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION is a procedure in which a small radiopaque catheter is passed through a major vein in the arm, leg, or neck into the heart to secure blood samples or inject dye, helping to evaluate cardiac function. There are two types: Diagnostic catheterization and ______ catheterization.

Before CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION, it is important to watch for signs of toxicity to the dye used during the procedure, such as increased temperature, urticaria, wheezing, edema, dyspnea, and ______.

One abnormal pulse pattern is ______, which is suggestive of cardiac insufficiency, as in patent ductus arteriosus.

An important diagnostic tool for cardiovascular disorders is ______, which can show the electrical activity of the heart.

Another diagnostic method is ______, which uses sound waves to create images of the heart's chambers, valves, and surrounding structures.

A treatment option for cardiovascular disorders is ______, a procedure that involves passing a catheter through a major vein into the heart to inject dye and evaluate cardiac function.