Cardiovascular System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

  • Mitral valve
  • Tricuspid valve (correct)
  • Pulmonic valve
  • Aortic valve

What sound is produced by the closure of heart valves during ventricular systole?

  • S1 (correct)
  • S2
  • S4
  • S3

Where is the aortic valve located?

  • Between the left ventricle and aorta (correct)
  • Between the left atrium and left ventricle
  • Between the right atrium and right ventricle
  • Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Which structure serves as the main pacemaker of the heart?

<p>Sinoatrial node (SA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of semilunar valves?

<p>Open when forward pressure forces blood in a forward direction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Purkinje fibers do in the heart's conduction system?

<p>Conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Cardiovascular system?

<p>Delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to the body tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart functions to protect it from friction?

<p>Pericardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

<p>Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for propelling deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery?

<p>Right ventricle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the atrioventricular valves (AV) play in heart function?

<p>Provide one-way flow of blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Epicardium' is a layer of the heart that extends into great vessels and becomes continuous with what other part of the heart?

<p>Inner lining of the pericardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the heart is an ineffective pump?

<p>Cardiac output and tissue perfusion decrease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

<p>Increases heart rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a very rapid heart rate on cardiac output?

<p>Decreases cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is preload in relation to cardiac function?

<p>Amount of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers before contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences preload?

<p>Venous return and ventricular compliance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does bradycardia affect cardiac output if stroke volume remains the same?

<p>Decreases cardiac output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major function of blood vessels in the vascular system?

<p>Supply tissues with blood and remove wastes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel functions in controlling systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure?

<p>Arterioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do exchanges like oxygen and carbon dioxide, solutes, and fluid volume transfer occur in the vascular system?

<p>Capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of venules in the vascular system?

<p>Receive blood from the capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the structure of veins in the vascular system?

<p>Low-pressure vessels with thin walls and less muscle than arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of coronary veins in the circulatory system?

<p>Return blood from the myocardium back to the right atrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiologic limit to Starling's Law in cardiac muscle fibers?

<p>Continuous overstretching like a rubber band (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder results in an increased preload on the heart?

<p>Renal disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood?

<p>Afterload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do alterations in vascular tone affect afterload and ventricular work?

<p>Increase ventricular work (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cardiac muscles exhibit poor contractility?

<p>Reduces cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is responsible for the inherent capability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten?

<p>Contractility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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