Cardiovascular System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

  • Mitral valve
  • Tricuspid valve (correct)
  • Pulmonic valve
  • Aortic valve

    • What sound is produced by the closure of heart valves during ventricular systole?

  • S1 (correct)
  • S2
  • S4
  • S3

    • Where is the aortic valve located?

  • Between the left ventricle and aorta (correct)
  • Between the left atrium and left ventricle
  • Between the right atrium and right ventricle
  • Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

    • Which structure serves as the main pacemaker of the heart?

    <p>Sinoatrial node (SA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of semilunar valves?

    <p>Open when forward pressure forces blood in a forward direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Purkinje fibers do in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>Conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Cardiovascular system?

    <p>Delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to the body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart functions to protect it from friction?

    <p>Pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

    <p>Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart is responsible for propelling deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the atrioventricular valves (AV) play in heart function?

    <p>Provide one-way flow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Epicardium' is a layer of the heart that extends into great vessels and becomes continuous with what other part of the heart?

    <p>Inner lining of the pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the heart is an ineffective pump?

    <p>Cardiac output and tissue perfusion decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a very rapid heart rate on cardiac output?

    <p>Decreases cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is preload in relation to cardiac function?

    <p>Amount of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers before contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences preload?

    <p>Venous return and ventricular compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does bradycardia affect cardiac output if stroke volume remains the same?

    <p>Decreases cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of blood vessels in the vascular system?

    <p>Supply tissues with blood and remove wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood vessel functions in controlling systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure?

    <p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do exchanges like oxygen and carbon dioxide, solutes, and fluid volume transfer occur in the vascular system?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of venules in the vascular system?

    <p>Receive blood from the capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the structure of veins in the vascular system?

    <p>Low-pressure vessels with thin walls and less muscle than arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of coronary veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>Return blood from the myocardium back to the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiologic limit to Starling's Law in cardiac muscle fibers?

    <p>Continuous overstretching like a rubber band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder results in an increased preload on the heart?

    <p>Renal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor determines the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood?

    <p>Afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do alterations in vascular tone affect afterload and ventricular work?

    <p>Increase ventricular work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cardiac muscles exhibit poor contractility?

    <p>Reduces cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is responsible for the inherent capability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten?

    <p>Contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

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