Cardiovascular System Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following cardiovascular terms with their correct definitions:

Aneurysm = Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel Angina pectoris = Feeling of constriction around the heart due to insufficient blood supply Arrhythmia = Abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat Atherosclerosis = Development of fatty patches in the lining of arteries

Match the following vessels with their descriptions:

Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Carry blood back to the heart Capillaries = Smallest vessels, exchanges take place Venules = Receive blood from the capillaries

Match the following heart-related terms with their definitions:

Sinoatrial (SA) node = Initiates the impulse for each heartbeat Myocardium = Thick middle layer of the heart wall Systole = Contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle Valve = Structure that keeps fluid flowing in one direction

Match the cardiovascular disorders with their characteristics:

Bradycardia = Slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm Tachycardia = Fast heart rate of more than 100 bpm Hypertension = Higher-than-normal blood pressure Heart failure = Inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding roots:

Cardi/o = Heart Vas/o = Vessel, duct Phleb/o = Vein Angi/o = Vessel Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diagnostic tools with their descriptions:

Coronary angiography = Radiographic study using an opaque dye for coronary arteries Echocardiography = Non-invasive method using ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures Electrocardiogram (ECG) = Recording of the electrical activity of the heart CT Scan = Imaging technique using X-rays for internal structures Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood-related disorders with their definitions:

Dyspnea = Difficult or labored breathing Edema = Swelling due to excess fluid Ischemia = Local deficiency of blood supply Embolism = Obstruction of a blood vessel by matter in circulation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

Myocardial infarction = Localized necrosis of cardiac muscle tissue Stroke = Sudden damage to the brain due to reduced blood flow Shock = Circulatory failure with inadequate blood supply to tissues Dyslipidemia = Disorder in serum lipid levels Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of veins with their definitions:

Pulmonary veins = Carry oxygenated blood back from the lungs Umbilical veins = Carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus Systemic veins = Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart Caval veins = Veins that drain into the superior and inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the cardiovascular system with their functions:

Heart = Pumps blood throughout the body Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Return blood to the heart Capillaries = Exchange nutrients and waste with tissues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cardiovascular disorders with their descriptions:

Atherosclerosis = Accumulation of fatty deposits in arteries Hypertension = High blood pressure condition Arrhythmia = Irregular heartbeat pattern Heart attack = Damage to heart muscle due to blood flow loss Signup and view all the answers

Match the following anatomical terms with their related locations in the heart:

Atrium = Upper chamber of the heart Ventricle = Lower chamber of the heart Septum = Wall dividing the left and right heart chambers Valves = Structures that prevent backflow of blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to blood circulation with their definitions:

Pulmonary circulation = Flow of blood between the heart and lungs Systemic circulation = Flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body Coronary circulation = Flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart Hematopoiesis = Production of blood cells in the bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of blood vessels with their characteristics:

Artery = Thick-walled and carry oxygen-rich blood Vein = Thinner-walled and have valves Capillary = Microscopic vessel for nutrient exchange Lymphatic vessel = Transports lymph and immune cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medical terms with their meanings:

Stent = Device to keep blood vessels open Cardiomyopathy = Disease of the heart muscle Ischemia = Inadequate blood supply to a tissue Angina = Chest pain due to reduced blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the heart's conduction system to their functions:

SA Node = Primary pacemaker of the heart AV Node = Slows down electrical signals Bundle of His = Conducts impulses to ventricles Purkinje fibers = Distributes electrical signals throughout the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms of cardiac cycle stages with their descriptions:

Systole = Contraction phase of the heart Diastole = Relaxation phase of the heart Atrial contraction = Filling of ventricles with blood Ventricular contraction = Pumping blood to lungs and body Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medical terms with their definitions:

Hypertension = c) Increased blood pressure Heart failure = a) Inability of the heart to pump blood Ischemia = e) Deficiency of blood supply Angina = d) Insufficient blood supply to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of heart valves with their functions:

Aortic valve = Controls blood flow from left ventricle to aorta Pulmonary valve = Controls blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary artery Mitral valve = Controls blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle Tricuspid valve = Controls blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their potential cardiovascular issues:

Chest pain = May indicate heart attack or angina Shortness of breath = Could signal heart failure or arrhythmia Palpitations = Often associated with arrhythmias Swelling in ankles = May suggest heart failure or valve issues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medical terms with their definitions:

Bradycardia = c) Slow heart rate of fewer than 60 bpm Myocardial infarction = b) Death of cardiac muscle due to blocked blood supply Aneurysm = a) Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel Tachycardia = d) Fast heart rate of more than 100 bpm Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood vessels with their functions:

Vein = a) Returns blood to the heart Artery = b) Carries blood away from the heart Capillary = c) Site of nutrient and gas exchange Venule = d) Drains blood from capillaries to veins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of the heartbeat with their definitions:

Diastole = a) Relaxation phase of the heart Aneurysm = b) Localized dilation of a blood vessel Systole = c) Contraction phase of the heart Bradycardia = d) Slow heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cardiac conditions with their definitions:

Myocardial infarction = c) Localized necrosis of cardiac muscle Blood clot = d) Obstruction of a blood vessel Hemorrhage = a) Excessive bleeding Occlusion = b) Blockage of a blood vessel Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

Angina = b) Chest pain due to reduced blood flow Aneurysm = a) Abnormal dilation of a blood vessel Atherosclerosis = d) Build-up of fatty deposits in arteries Bradycardia = c) Heart rate less than 60 bpm Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cardiovascular terms with their actions:

Vein = d) Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart Artery = b) Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart Capillaries = c) Allow exchange between blood and tissues Venule = a) Connects capillaries to veins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their characteristics:

Tachycardia = d) Heart rate above 100 bpm Bradycardia = c) Heart rate below 60 bpm Ischemia = b) Insufficient blood supply to an organ Embolism = a) Obstruction by a traveling clot Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vascular emergencies with their explanations:

Myocardial infarction = b) Result of a blocked coronary artery Ischemia = e) Deficiency of blood supply Aneurysm = a) Localized vessel dilation Embolism = d) Blockage by an embolus Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products.
It consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood.
The heart's right atrium receives de-oxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.
The blood then enters the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta, distributing it to the body.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, except for the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, which carry de-oxygenated blood.
Veins carry blood back to the heart, except for the pulmonary and umbilical veins, which carry oxygenated blood.
Capillaries are the smallest vessels where exchanges occur between blood and tissues.

Cardiovascular Terminology

artery: carries blood away from the heart (roots: arter, arteri/o).
arteriole: small vessel carrying blood from arteries to capillaries (root: arteriol/o).
vein: carries blood back to the heart (roots: ven/o, phleb/o).
venule: small vessel carrying blood from capillaries to veins.
valve: structure preventing backward flow of fluid (roots: valv/o, valvul/o).
sinoatrial (SA) node: initiates the heartbeat impulse, acts as the pacemaker.
systole: contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle.
myocardium: the heart's muscular middle layer.

Cardiovascular Disorders

Aneurysm: localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakened vessel walls.
Angina pectoris: chest pain or constriction, may radiate to the left arm or shoulder, caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.
Arrhythmia (dysrhythmia): irregular heart rhythm or rate.
Atherosclerosis: fatty deposits (plaques) in artery linings, causing narrowing and hardening of the vessel wall.
Dyslipidemia: abnormal serum lipid levels, a factor in atherosclerosis; includes hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.
Bradycardia: slow heart rate (<60 bpm).
Tachycardia: fast heart rate (>100 bpm at rest).
Dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing.
Edema: tissue swelling due to excess fluid caused by various factors, including cardiovascular disturbances.
Heart failure: inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation.
Hypertension: high blood pressure, with essential hypertension having no known cause.
Myocardial infarction (MI): death of heart muscle tissue due to blocked coronary artery supply.
Embolism: blood vessel obstruction by a clot or other material.
Ischemia: local blood supply deficiency due to circulatory obstruction.
Stroke (cerebrovascular accident): sudden brain damage from reduced blood flow, caused by various factors like atherosclerosis.
Shock: circulatory failure with inadequate tissue blood supply, caused by different conditions like heart failure.

Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Treatment

Coronary angiography: X-ray study of coronary arteries using an opaque dye introduced through a catheter.
Echocardiography (ECG): non-invasive imaging of internal heart structures using ultrasound.