Cardiovascular System Overview

Aneurysm = Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel Angina pectoris = Feeling of constriction around the heart due to insufficient blood supply Arrhythmia = Abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat Atherosclerosis = Development of fatty patches in the lining of arteries

Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Carry blood back to the heart Capillaries = Smallest vessels, exchanges take place Venules = Receive blood from the capillaries

Sinoatrial (SA) node = Initiates the impulse for each heartbeat Myocardium = Thick middle layer of the heart wall Systole = Contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle Valve = Structure that keeps fluid flowing in one direction

<p>Bradycardia = Slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm Tachycardia = Fast heart rate of more than 100 bpm Hypertension = Higher-than-normal blood pressure Heart failure = Inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardi/o = Heart Vas/o = Vessel, duct Phleb/o = Vein Angi/o = Vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary angiography = Radiographic study using an opaque dye for coronary arteries Echocardiography = Non-invasive method using ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures Electrocardiogram (ECG) = Recording of the electrical activity of the heart CT Scan = Imaging technique using X-rays for internal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnea = Difficult or labored breathing Edema = Swelling due to excess fluid Ischemia = Local deficiency of blood supply Embolism = Obstruction of a blood vessel by matter in circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction = Localized necrosis of cardiac muscle tissue Stroke = Sudden damage to the brain due to reduced blood flow Shock = Circulatory failure with inadequate blood supply to tissues Dyslipidemia = Disorder in serum lipid levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary veins = Carry oxygenated blood back from the lungs Umbilical veins = Carry oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus Systemic veins = Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart Caval veins = Veins that drain into the superior and inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart = Pumps blood throughout the body Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Return blood to the heart Capillaries = Exchange nutrients and waste with tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atherosclerosis = Accumulation of fatty deposits in arteries Hypertension = High blood pressure condition Arrhythmia = Irregular heartbeat pattern Heart attack = Damage to heart muscle due to blood flow loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atrium = Upper chamber of the heart Ventricle = Lower chamber of the heart Septum = Wall dividing the left and right heart chambers Valves = Structures that prevent backflow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary circulation = Flow of blood between the heart and lungs Systemic circulation = Flow of blood between the heart and the rest of the body Coronary circulation = Flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart Hematopoiesis = Production of blood cells in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artery = Thick-walled and carry oxygen-rich blood Vein = Thinner-walled and have valves Capillary = Microscopic vessel for nutrient exchange Lymphatic vessel = Transports lymph and immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stent = Device to keep blood vessels open Cardiomyopathy = Disease of the heart muscle Ischemia = Inadequate blood supply to a tissue Angina = Chest pain due to reduced blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SA Node = Primary pacemaker of the heart AV Node = Slows down electrical signals Bundle of His = Conducts impulses to ventricles Purkinje fibers = Distributes electrical signals throughout the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Systole = Contraction phase of the heart Diastole = Relaxation phase of the heart Atrial contraction = Filling of ventricles with blood Ventricular contraction = Pumping blood to lungs and body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension = c) Increased blood pressure Heart failure = a) Inability of the heart to pump blood Ischemia = e) Deficiency of blood supply Angina = d) Insufficient blood supply to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aortic valve = Controls blood flow from left ventricle to aorta Pulmonary valve = Controls blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary artery Mitral valve = Controls blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle Tricuspid valve = Controls blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chest pain = May indicate heart attack or angina Shortness of breath = Could signal heart failure or arrhythmia Palpitations = Often associated with arrhythmias Swelling in ankles = May suggest heart failure or valve issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradycardia = c) Slow heart rate of fewer than 60 bpm Myocardial infarction = b) Death of cardiac muscle due to blocked blood supply Aneurysm = a) Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel Tachycardia = d) Fast heart rate of more than 100 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vein = a) Returns blood to the heart Artery = b) Carries blood away from the heart Capillary = c) Site of nutrient and gas exchange Venule = d) Drains blood from capillaries to veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diastole = a) Relaxation phase of the heart Aneurysm = b) Localized dilation of a blood vessel Systole = c) Contraction phase of the heart Bradycardia = d) Slow heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction = c) Localized necrosis of cardiac muscle Blood clot = d) Obstruction of a blood vessel Hemorrhage = a) Excessive bleeding Occlusion = b) Blockage of a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angina = b) Chest pain due to reduced blood flow Aneurysm = a) Abnormal dilation of a blood vessel Atherosclerosis = d) Build-up of fatty deposits in arteries Bradycardia = c) Heart rate less than 60 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vein = d) Carries deoxygenated blood to the heart Artery = b) Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart Capillaries = c) Allow exchange between blood and tissues Venule = a) Connects capillaries to veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia = d) Heart rate above 100 bpm Bradycardia = c) Heart rate below 60 bpm Ischemia = b) Insufficient blood supply to an organ Embolism = a) Obstruction by a traveling clot</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myocardial infarction = b) Result of a blocked coronary artery Ischemia = e) Deficiency of blood supply Aneurysm = a) Localized vessel dilation Embolism = d) Blockage by an embolus</p> Signup and view all the answers