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Questions and Answers
Which condition is characterized by an increased blood pressure?
Which condition is characterized by an increased blood pressure?
What term describes the death of cardiac muscle due to a blocked blood supply?
What term describes the death of cardiac muscle due to a blocked blood supply?
Which term indicates a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel?
Which term indicates a localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel?
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscles contract is called:
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscles contract is called:
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What is the term for the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries?
What is the term for the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries?
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What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
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Which of the following describes the insufficient blood supply to the heart?
Which of the following describes the insufficient blood supply to the heart?
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Which condition is indicated by a slow heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute?
Which condition is indicated by a slow heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute?
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Which structure is responsible for receiving deoxygenated blood from the body?
Which structure is responsible for receiving deoxygenated blood from the body?
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What term refers to a fast heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute?
What term refers to a fast heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute?
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Which of the following statements about blood vessels is correct?
Which of the following statements about blood vessels is correct?
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Which of the following describes an obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot?
Which of the following describes an obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot?
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What condition is characterized by the build-up of fatty deposits in blood vessels?
What condition is characterized by the build-up of fatty deposits in blood vessels?
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Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
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Which of the following terms best describes localized necrosis of cardiac muscle tissue?
Which of the following terms best describes localized necrosis of cardiac muscle tissue?
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Which vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?
Which vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?
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What role do white blood cells play in the cardiovascular system?
What role do white blood cells play in the cardiovascular system?
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How does the heart maintain homeostasis?
How does the heart maintain homeostasis?
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What is the main purpose of the coronary arteries?
What is the main purpose of the coronary arteries?
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What significantly happens during systole in the heart cycle?
What significantly happens during systole in the heart cycle?
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What is the primary function of the arteries in the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary function of the arteries in the cardiovascular system?
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Which of the following correctly describes an aneurysm?
Which of the following correctly describes an aneurysm?
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What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?
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How does atherosclerosis affect blood vessels?
How does atherosclerosis affect blood vessels?
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What physiological change occurs during systole?
What physiological change occurs during systole?
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What condition presents as difficult or labored breathing?
What condition presents as difficult or labored breathing?
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Which of the following best describes myocardial infarction?
Which of the following best describes myocardial infarction?
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What is the result of bradycardia?
What is the result of bradycardia?
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Which type of diagnostic tool uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures?
Which type of diagnostic tool uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures?
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What is the main cause of hypertension?
What is the main cause of hypertension?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System Overview
- Responsible for blood circulation, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing waste products.
- Comprises the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood.
- Plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, maintaining fluid balance, and enabling immune responses.
Heart Anatomy
- The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen from all body tissues through the superior and inferior vena cava.
- Blood enters the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
- Blood returns from the lungs high in oxygen and enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
- Blood enters the left ventricle and is pumped into the aorta to be distributed to all tissues.
Vascular System
- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical arteries carry oxygenated blood.
- Arterioles: Smaller vessels than arteries, leading into capillaries.
- Capillaries: Smallest vessels, where exchanges take place between blood and tissues.
- Venules: Small vessels receiving blood from capillaries and draining into veins.
- Veins: Carry blood back to the heart. All except the pulmonary and umbilical veins carry blood low in oxygen.
Cardiovascular Terminology
- Artery: Vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
- Arteriole: Small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries.
- Vein: Vessel that carries blood back to the heart.
- Venule: Small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins.
- Valve: Structure that keeps fluid flowing in a forward direction.
- Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker): Initiates the impulse for each heartbeat.
- Systole: Contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle.
- Myocardium: The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle.
Common Cardiovascular Disorders
- Aneurysm: Localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall.
- Angina Pectoris: Chest pain or discomfort caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart.
- Arrhythmia (Dysrhythmia): Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat.
- Atherosclerosis: Development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel wall.
- Dyslipidemia: Disorder in serum lipid levels, a significant factor in the development of atherosclerosis.
- Bradycardia: Slow heart rate of less than 60 bpm.
- Tachycardia: Fast heart rate of more than 100 bpm at rest.
- Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing.
- Edema: Swelling of body tissues caused by excess fluid.
- Heart Failure: Inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation.
- Hypertension: A condition of higher-than-normal blood pressure.
- Myocardial Infarction (MI): Localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue caused by blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery.
- Embolism: Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation.
- Ischemia: Local deficiency of blood supply caused by circulatory obstruction.
- Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident - CVA): Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduced blood flow.
- Shock: Circulatory failure resulting in inadequate blood supply to the tissues.
Diagnostics and Treatment Terms
- Coronary Angiography: Radiographic study of the coronary arteries after introducing an opaque dye.
- Echocardiography (ECG): Non-invasive method using ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures.
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Description
Explore the essential components and functions of the cardiovascular system. This quiz covers heart anatomy, the vascular system, and the role of blood circulation in maintaining bodily functions. Test your knowledge on how these elements work together to support life.
