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Questions and Answers
What is the circulatory system also called?
What is the circulatory system also called?
Cardiovascular System
What does the circulatory system pump blood from the heart to?
What does the circulatory system pump blood from the heart to?
Lungs
What carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart?
What carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart?
Veins
The heart is a muscular organ in the thoracic cavity.
The heart is a muscular organ in the thoracic cavity.
How many chambers does the heart consist of?
How many chambers does the heart consist of?
What septum divides the left and right ventricles of the heart?
What septum divides the left and right ventricles of the heart?
What does interatrial septum divide?
What does interatrial septum divide?
What receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava?
What receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava?
What receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?
What receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?
Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
What type of blood vessels are thin, muscular tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?
What type of blood vessels are thin, muscular tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?
What is the body's largest artery?
What is the body's largest artery?
What type of blood vessels return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart?
What type of blood vessels return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart?
What are very small arteries called?
What are very small arteries called?
What type of blood vessels connect small arteries and veins?
What type of blood vessels connect small arteries and veins?
Blood is a constantly circulating fluid that contains cells and proteins.
Blood is a constantly circulating fluid that contains cells and proteins.
What makes up 99% of our blood cells?
What makes up 99% of our blood cells?
What are the other components of blood?
What are the other components of blood?
What is the function of plasma in the blood?
What is the function of plasma in the blood?
What is the function of red blood cells in the blood?
What is the function of red blood cells in the blood?
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
What are the properties of blood listed in this document?
What are the properties of blood listed in this document?
What color is deoxygenated blood?
What color is deoxygenated blood?
What component of blood makes up the majority of its viscosity?
What component of blood makes up the majority of its viscosity?
How many liters of blood does the average person have?
How many liters of blood does the average person have?
The pH of blood is neutral.
The pH of blood is neutral.
Where is the heart located?
Where is the heart located?
The heart is symmetrical.
The heart is symmetrical.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
Which chamber pumps blood to the rest of the body?
Which chamber pumps blood to the rest of the body?
Cardiovascular disease is a general term that includes heart disease and vascular disease.
Cardiovascular disease is a general term that includes heart disease and vascular disease.
What is coronary heart disease caused by?
What is coronary heart disease caused by?
What is myocardial infarction commonly caused by?
What is myocardial infarction commonly caused by?
What does carotid artery disease affect?
What does carotid artery disease affect?
What is pulmonary embolism caused by?
What is pulmonary embolism caused by?
Flashcards
What is the circulatory system?
What is the circulatory system?
The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients and removing waste products.
What does the heart do?
What does the heart do?
The heart is a muscular organ located in the chest that pumps blood through blood vessels. It has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
What are the chambers of the heart?
What are the chambers of the heart?
The heart has four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). The atria receive blood from veins, while the ventricles pump blood into arteries.
What is the role of the right side of the heart?
What is the role of the right side of the heart?
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What is the role of the left side of the heart?
What is the role of the left side of the heart?
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What are arteries?
What are arteries?
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What is the aorta?
What is the aorta?
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What are veins?
What are veins?
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What are capillaries?
What are capillaries?
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What is blood?
What is blood?
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What are the properties of blood?
What are the properties of blood?
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Why isn't the heart symmetrical?
Why isn't the heart symmetrical?
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What are the chambers of the heart?
What are the chambers of the heart?
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What is cardiovascular disease?
What is cardiovascular disease?
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What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?
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What is a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
What is a myocardial infarction (heart attack)?
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What is carotid artery disease?
What is carotid artery disease?
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What is a pulmonary embolism?
What is a pulmonary embolism?
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What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?
What are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System Overview
- The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
- Oxygenated blood is then pumped through arteries to the rest of the body.
- Deoxygenated blood is carried back to the heart via veins, preparing it for the next cycle.
The Heart
- The heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity.
- It consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
- The heart is divided into left and right sides, each with an atrium and ventricle.
- The interventricular septum divides the left and right ventricles, and the interatrial septum divides the left and right atria.
Blood Vessels
-
Arteries: Muscular tubes carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.
- The aorta is the largest artery, starting from the heart and extending to the stomach.
- Coronary arteries branch off the aorta and divide into smaller arteries.
-
Veins: Blood vessels returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.
- Two main veins (superior and inferior vena cava) carry blood to the heart.
- Veins in the legs contain valves to prevent backflow.
-
Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules, allowing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products to exchange with cells.
Blood Composition
- Blood is a fluid that transports nutrients, oxygen, and removes waste products.
- It is mostly liquid (plasma) and contains cells (red and white blood cells, platelets).
- Blood is thicker than water due to the suspended cells and proteins.
- An average person has around 5 liters of blood.
Blood Properties
- Color: Dark purple (deoxygenated), red (oxygenated).
- Viscosity: Blood's thickness, mainly due to plasma and formed elements.
- Amount: Approximately 5 liters.
- pH: Neutral, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.
Blood Components Summary
| Component | Features | Function (Rest) | Function (Exercise) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma | 90% water, 55% blood volume | Suspends and carries other cells | Passes fluid to body tissues (e.g., dehydrated muscles) |
| Red Blood Cells (RBCs) | 99.9% blood cells | Carry oxygen to the body's tissues | Carry carbon dioxide and metabolic waste from muscles |
| White Blood Cells (WBCs) | Larger than RBCs (1 WBC: 700 RBCs) | Fight infection and disease | Increased activity, aiding health and performance |
| Platelets | 700 RBCs: 1 platelet | Form blood clots to prevent infection and blood loss | Prevent bleeding during muscle damage |
Cardiovascular Diseases
- Coronary Artery Disease: Plaque buildup in the arteries supplying blood to the heart.
- Myocardial Infarction/Heart Attack: Blood supply to part of the heart muscle becomes completely blocked, often due to a fatty material.
- Carotid Artery Disease: Fatty deposits (plaque) clogging blood vessels leading to the brain.
- Pulmonary Embolism: Blockage of an artery in the lungs, usually from a blood clot.
Heart Chambers
- The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (superior chambers receiving blood from veins) and two ventricles (inferior pumping chambers ejecting blood to arteries).
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