Cardiovascular System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the circulatory system also called?

Cardiovascular System

What does the circulatory system pump blood from the heart to?

Lungs

What carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart?

Veins

The heart is a muscular organ in the thoracic cavity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chambers does the heart consist of?

<p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

What septum divides the left and right ventricles of the heart?

<p>Interventricular Septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does interatrial septum divide?

<p>The left and right atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava?

<p>Right Atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?

<p>Left Atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?

<p>Lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood vessels are thin, muscular tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

<p>Arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the body's largest artery?

<p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood vessels return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart?

<p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are very small arteries called?

<p>Arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood vessels connect small arteries and veins?

<p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood is a constantly circulating fluid that contains cells and proteins.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes up 99% of our blood cells?

<p>Red Blood Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the other components of blood?

<p>Plasma, white blood cells, and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma in the blood?

<p>Suspend and carry other cells around the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of red blood cells in the blood?

<p>Carry oxygen to where it is needed in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of platelets in the blood?

<p>Form blood clots at damaged tissue to prevent infection and blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of blood listed in this document?

<p>Color, viscosity, amount, and pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is deoxygenated blood?

<p>Dark Purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of blood makes up the majority of its viscosity?

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many liters of blood does the average person have?

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pH of blood is neutral.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the heart located?

<p>In the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart is symmetrical.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four chambers of the heart?

<p>Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

<p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

<p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?

<p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber pumps blood to the rest of the body?

<p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiovascular disease is a general term that includes heart disease and vascular disease.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coronary heart disease caused by?

<p>Plaque buildup in the arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is myocardial infarction commonly caused by?

<p>A piece of fatty material breaking off and blocking a blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does carotid artery disease affect?

<p>Blood vessels supplying blood to the brain and head</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pulmonary embolism caused by?

<p>A blockage of an artery in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System Overview

  • The circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system, pumps blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
  • Oxygenated blood is then pumped through arteries to the rest of the body.
  • Deoxygenated blood is carried back to the heart via veins, preparing it for the next cycle.

The Heart

  • The heart is a muscular organ located in the thoracic cavity.
  • It consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
  • The heart is divided into left and right sides, each with an atrium and ventricle.
  • The interventricular septum divides the left and right ventricles, and the interatrial septum divides the left and right atria.

Blood Vessels

  • Arteries: Muscular tubes carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.

    • The aorta is the largest artery, starting from the heart and extending to the stomach.
    • Coronary arteries branch off the aorta and divide into smaller arteries.

  • Veins: Blood vessels returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.

    • Two main veins (superior and inferior vena cava) carry blood to the heart.
    • Veins in the legs contain valves to prevent backflow.

  • Capillaries: Tiny blood vessels connecting arterioles and venules, allowing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products to exchange with cells.

Blood Composition

  • Blood is a fluid that transports nutrients, oxygen, and removes waste products.
  • It is mostly liquid (plasma) and contains cells (red and white blood cells, platelets).
  • Blood is thicker than water due to the suspended cells and proteins.
  • An average person has around 5 liters of blood.

Blood Properties

  • Color: Dark purple (deoxygenated), red (oxygenated).
  • Viscosity: Blood's thickness, mainly due to plasma and formed elements.
  • Amount: Approximately 5 liters.
  • pH: Neutral, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.

Blood Components Summary

Component Features Function (Rest) Function (Exercise)
Plasma 90% water, 55% blood volume Suspends and carries other cells Passes fluid to body tissues (e.g., dehydrated muscles)
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) 99.9% blood cells Carry oxygen to the body's tissues Carry carbon dioxide and metabolic waste from muscles
White Blood Cells (WBCs) Larger than RBCs (1 WBC: 700 RBCs) Fight infection and disease Increased activity, aiding health and performance
Platelets 700 RBCs: 1 platelet Form blood clots to prevent infection and blood loss Prevent bleeding during muscle damage

Cardiovascular Diseases

  • Coronary Artery Disease: Plaque buildup in the arteries supplying blood to the heart.
  • Myocardial Infarction/Heart Attack: Blood supply to part of the heart muscle becomes completely blocked, often due to a fatty material.
  • Carotid Artery Disease: Fatty deposits (plaque) clogging blood vessels leading to the brain.
  • Pulmonary Embolism: Blockage of an artery in the lungs, usually from a blood clot.

Heart Chambers

  • The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (superior chambers receiving blood from veins) and two ventricles (inferior pumping chambers ejecting blood to arteries).

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Cardiovascular System PDF

Description

Explore the essential components of the cardiovascular system, including the functions of the heart, arteries, and veins. Understand how oxygenated and deoxygenated blood circulate through the body. This quiz will test your knowledge about the structure and role of the heart and blood vessels.

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