Cardiovascular System: Main Blood Vessels

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the aorta?

To distribute oxygenated blood to all body parts (correct)

To supply blood specifically to the brain

To connect the heart to the lungs

To drain deoxygenated blood from the body

Which artery branches directly from the aortic arch?

Left common carotid artery (correct)

Femoral artery

Popliteal artery

Axillary artery

What does the external iliac artery become?

Brachial artery

Popliteal artery

Femoral artery (correct)

Radial artery

What do the right and left common iliac arteries branch into?

Internal iliac and external iliac arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel drains the lower parts of the body?

Inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the upper limb?

Brachial artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the carotid arteries?

To supply the head and neck Signup and view all the answers

What are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?

Right and left common iliac arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which vein collects deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and directs it towards the lungs?

Pulmonary trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the portal vein?

To transport nutrient-rich blood from the intestines to the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the majority of blood to the head and neck?

Common carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

Which veins drain the lower limb and are commonly associated with varicose conditions?

Great saphenous vein Signup and view all the answers

Where does blood from the external carotid arteries primarily supply?

Most tissues of the head excluding the brain and orbit Signup and view all the answers

What are the two branches formed from each common carotid artery?

External and internal carotid arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries provide blood supply to the posterior region of the brain?

Vertebral arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hepatic vein?

To drain deoxygenated blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System: Main Blood Vessels

The aorta arises from the left ventricle, distributing oxygenated blood to all body parts.
The aorta's parts include the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta.
Branches of the ascending aorta include the right and left coronary arteries.
Branches of the aortic arch include the brachiocephalic trunk (dividing into the right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery), the left common carotid artery, and the left subclavian artery.
The abdominal aorta's major branches include the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries and testicular arteries.

Carotid Arteries

Common carotid arteries supply most of the head and neck.
Common carotid arteries divide into external and internal carotid arteries.
External carotid arteries supply tissues outside the brain and orbit.
Internal carotid arteries supply the orbits and most of the cerebrum.
Near the temporomandibular joint, the external carotid artery divides into the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries.

Vertebral Arteries

Vertebral arteries supply the posterior brain.
These arise from the subclavian arteries.
The circle of Willis is an arterial anastomosis around this area providing alternate blood routes.
The circle of Willis helps if either the carotid or vertebral arteries are blocked.

Arteries of the Upper Limb

The axillary artery branches into the brachial artery.
The brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries.

Arteries of the Lower Limb

The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery.
The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery.
The popliteal artery divides into the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries.

Major Veins of Systemic Circulation

The superior vena cava drains the upper body's blood.
The inferior vena cava drains the lower body's blood.
Both empty deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.

Portal Circulation

Arteries supplying intestines become capillaries containing nutrient-rich blood.
Portal vein collects this blood and carries it to the liver for nutrient metabolism.
Blood in the portal vein then becomes capillaries in the liver.
These capillaries form hepatic veins carrying blood without nutrients.
The hepatic vein empties into the inferior vena cava, returning blood to the heart.

Classification of Veins

Systemic veins drain systemic circulation returning deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Systemic veins branch into veins of head & neck, abdomen & thorax, upper limb, and lower limb.

Veins of the Head and Neck

Venous drainage from the face is entirely superficial.
All venous drainage from the head and neck terminates in the subclavian vein.
Subclavian veins join the brachiocephalic vein behind the clavicle.
Two brachiocephalic veins unite to form the superior vena cava.

Head & Neck Veins: Groups

External group includes internal jugular, external jugular, anterior jugular, oblique jugular, and posterior external jugular veins.
Internal Group includes venous sinuses, emissary veins, and diploic veins.

Internal Jugular Veins

Internal jugular veins are deep veins of head and neck.
They drain blood from the head and neck returning the blood to the brachiocephalic vein.
Internal jugular veins join to form the brachiocephalic veins.

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Description

This quiz covers the main blood vessels in the cardiovascular system, including the aorta and carotid arteries. You'll learn about the structure and function of these vessels, along with their key branches and areas of supply. Test your knowledge of how blood circulates throughout the body!