Cardiovascular System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What are the three main components of the cardiovascular system?

Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood (correct)

Blood, Veins, and Arteries

Heart, Blood Pressure, and Resistance

Heart, Lungs, and Blood

Define blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance.

Blood flow: volume of blood through a vessel; Blood pressure: force exerted by blood on vessel walls; Resistance: opposition to flow due to friction.

Blood will travel from areas of __ to areas of _.

high pressure, low pressure

What two factors will increase blood flow?

Resistance and pressure Signup and view all the answers

List the three factors that affect blood flow's resistance.

Blood's viscosity, length of blood vessel, diameter of blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

All blood vessels begin and end at the?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between arteries and veins.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins carry it towards the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Where are capillary beds located?

All the tissues Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of capillaries dictate their critical function?

They have the thinnest walls to maximize the exchange of materials. Signup and view all the answers

What key role do the venous valves play?

They prevent blood from flowing backward in the veins. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize the location of the heart in the human body.

In the middle of the body, sits behind the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What is not completely anatomically accurate about where we are taught to place our hand during the national anthem?

We should put our hand under our left breast. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the roles of the pericardium and pericardial cavity in the function of the heart.

The pericardium protects the heart and anchors it; the pericardial cavity contains serous fluid for heart contraction. Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction?

Myocardium, muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

How does your heart utilize pressure gradients to circulate blood?

The heart acts as a pump; low pressure pushes O2-rich blood out. Signup and view all the answers

Why would the ventricles need thicker walls for contraction than the atria?

They have higher pressure to push blood out to the body. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the roles of the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

Superior vena cava receives blood above the diaphragm; inferior vena cava receives blood below. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the roles of the pulmonary trunk and aorta.

The pulmonary trunk sends blood to the lungs; the aorta distributes blood to the body. Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between the roles of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves.

Atrioventricular valves prevent blood from flowing back into atria; semilunar valves prevent backflow into ventricles. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Components of the Cardiovascular System

Main components: heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Blood Flow Dynamics

Blood flow refers to the volume of blood through vessels or circulation.
Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on vessel walls, measured in mmHg.
Resistance measures friction between blood and vessel walls, opposing blood flow.

Pressure Gradient

Blood flows from regions of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

Factors Influencing Blood Flow

Increased blood flow results from higher resistance and pressure.
Resistance is affected by blood viscosity, vessel length, and diameter—lower resistance enhances blood flow.

Blood Vessel Structure

All blood vessels connect at the heart, forming a closed loop.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins return blood to the heart.

Capillaries

Capillary beds are located throughout all body tissues.
Capillaries have thin walls for efficient exchange of materials.

Venous Valves

Venous valves prevent backflow of blood in veins, crucial in limbs where gravity affects circulation.

Heart Location

The heart is centrally located behind the sternum.
For accuracy, place the hand under the left breast, as opposed to the traditional hand-over-heart position.

Heart Protection and Function

The pericardium protects and anchors the heart.
The pericardial cavity contains serous fluid, facilitating heart contractions.

Heart Muscle Layer

The myocardium is the muscular layer responsible for heart contractions, composed of muscle tissue.

Circulation Mechanism

The heart operates as a pump, utilizing pressure gradients to circulate oxygen-rich blood efficiently.

Ventricle Wall Thickness

Ventricles have thicker walls than atria to generate higher pressure for blood ejection to the body.

Major Veins

Superior vena cava collects blood from above the diaphragm.
Inferior vena cava collects blood from below the diaphragm.

Arterial Function

The pulmonary trunk delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to the body's tissues.

Heart Valves

Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the atria.
Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the ventricles.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with these flashcards. Learn about its main components like the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Understand important concepts such as blood flow, blood pressure, and resistance in the circulatory system.