11 Questions
What lifestyle modification is primarily linked to reducing the risk of atherosclerosis?
Consumption of low-cholesterol, low-fat foods
Which pharmacological treatment is primarily used to decrease elevated triglyceride levels?
Fibrates
Which enzyme do statins inhibit in the process of reducing cholesterol synthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase
What specific symptoms might be experienced in cases of coronary artery disease?
Chest pain
Which method is used to laboratory assess dyslipidemia by measuring cholesterol levels?
Fasting lipid profile
What is the main difference between homozygotes and heterozygotes in terms of gene alleles?
Homozygotes have the same alleles, while heterozygotes have different alleles.
In familial hypercholesterolemia, what is a notable symptom seen in homozygous patients during childhood?
Cutaneous xanthomas
What genetic disorder is characterized by an increase in liver production of cholesterol?
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Which health problem is NOT associated with secondary hypercholesterolemia?
Hypertension
At what age can myocardial infarction commonly occur in heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia?
Before 40 years
What types of lipids are included in dyslipidaemia?
Cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides
Study Notes
Dyslipidaemia
- Dyslipidaemia is an elevated level of lipids in the blood, including cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides.
- It is often asymptomatic until it develops into other diseases.
Causes of Hypercholesterolemia
- Familial hypercholesterolemia (primary hypercholesterolemia): a genetic disorder characterized by an increase in liver production of cholesterol.
- Secondary hypercholesterolemia: associated with other health problems such as:
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypothyroidism
- Nephrotic syndrome (due to protein loss)
Effects of Dyslipidaemia
- Linked to multiple disease conditions:
- Atherosclerosis
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Coronary artery disease
- Stroke
- Symptoms include:
- Chest pain in case of coronary artery disease
Lifestyle Modifications
- Consumption of low-cholesterol, low-fat foods
- Routine exercise
- Weight reduction
- Tobacco and alcohol cessation (if applicable)
Pharmacological Treatment
- Statins: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, inhibiting hepatic synthesis and increasing catabolism
- Fibrates: used mainly to decrease elevated triglycerides levels
- Omega 3 fatty acids
Laboratory Assessment
- Dyslipidaemia can be laboratory assessed by measuring fasting lipid profile:
- LDL
- HDL
- Cholesterol
- Triglycerides
Test your knowledge on dyslipidaemia, an elevated level of lipids in the blood, including cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. Explore causes such as familial hypercholesterolemia and primary hypercholesterolemia.
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