Cardiovascular System Dyslipidaemia Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What lifestyle modification is primarily linked to reducing the risk of atherosclerosis?

  • Routine exercise
  • Weight reduction
  • Tobacco and alcohol cessation
  • Consumption of low-cholesterol, low-fat foods (correct)
  • Which pharmacological treatment is primarily used to decrease elevated triglyceride levels?

  • Omega 3 fatty acids
  • Statins
  • Fibrates (correct)
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
  • Which enzyme do statins inhibit in the process of reducing cholesterol synthesis?

  • HMG-CoA reductase (correct)
  • Lipoprotein lipase
  • Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
  • Cholesterol ester transfer protein
  • What specific symptoms might be experienced in cases of coronary artery disease?

    <p>Chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to laboratory assess dyslipidemia by measuring cholesterol levels?

    <p>Fasting lipid profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between homozygotes and heterozygotes in terms of gene alleles?

    <p>Homozygotes have the same alleles, while heterozygotes have different alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In familial hypercholesterolemia, what is a notable symptom seen in homozygous patients during childhood?

    <p>Cutaneous xanthomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic disorder is characterized by an increase in liver production of cholesterol?

    <p>Familial hypercholesterolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health problem is NOT associated with secondary hypercholesterolemia?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can myocardial infarction commonly occur in heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia?

    <p>Before 40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of lipids are included in dyslipidaemia?

    <p>Cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dyslipidaemia

    • Dyslipidaemia is an elevated level of lipids in the blood, including cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides.
    • It is often asymptomatic until it develops into other diseases.

    Causes of Hypercholesterolemia

    • Familial hypercholesterolemia (primary hypercholesterolemia): a genetic disorder characterized by an increase in liver production of cholesterol.
    • Secondary hypercholesterolemia: associated with other health problems such as:
      • Obesity
      • Sedentary lifestyle
      • Diabetes mellitus
      • Hypothyroidism
      • Nephrotic syndrome (due to protein loss)

    Effects of Dyslipidaemia

    • Linked to multiple disease conditions:
      • Atherosclerosis
      • Peripheral vascular disease
      • Coronary artery disease
      • Stroke
    • Symptoms include:
      • Chest pain in case of coronary artery disease

    Lifestyle Modifications

    • Consumption of low-cholesterol, low-fat foods
    • Routine exercise
    • Weight reduction
    • Tobacco and alcohol cessation (if applicable)

    Pharmacological Treatment

    • Statins: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, inhibiting hepatic synthesis and increasing catabolism
    • Fibrates: used mainly to decrease elevated triglycerides levels
    • Omega 3 fatty acids

    Laboratory Assessment

    • Dyslipidaemia can be laboratory assessed by measuring fasting lipid profile:
      • LDL
      • HDL
      • Cholesterol
      • Triglycerides

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on dyslipidaemia, an elevated level of lipids in the blood, including cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. Explore causes such as familial hypercholesterolemia and primary hypercholesterolemia.

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