Cardiovascular System Anatomy Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Correctly label the following internal anatomy of the heart.

Missing labels for the internal anatomy of the heart.

Correctly label the following internal anatomy of the heart.

Missing labels for the internal anatomy of the heart.

Place the labels in order denoting the flow of oxygenated blood through the heart beginning with the vessels that bring blood back to the heart from the lungs.

Missing labels for the flow of oxygenated blood.

Correctly label the following coronary blood vessels of the heart.

<p>Missing labels for coronary blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label these structures in this superior view of the heart.

<p>Missing labels for heart structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A first degree block is caused by __________.

<p>delay of the action potential between the SA and AV nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rate of ventricular conduction is best determined by the __________ on an ECG.

<p>the number of QRS complexes present within a specific unit of time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An ECG tracing from someone with a third-degree AV block is best described as a tracing with a __________.

<p>2:1 ratio of P waves to QRS complexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the following external anatomy of the anterior heart.

<p>Missing labels for external anatomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place the labels in order denoting the flow of blood through the pulmonary circulation beginning with the emptying of blood from the superior vena cavae.

<p>Missing labels for pulmonary circulation flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify which of the following are age-related changes of the heart.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place the components of the electrical conducting system in order from the initiation of an action potential to the end:

<p>Missing components in order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the following parts of the heart valves.

<p>Missing parts of heart valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place the labels in their correct locations.

<p>Missing labels for locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The semilunar valves remain open throughout the __________ phase of the cardiac cycle.

<p>late ventricular systole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atria remain in diastole throughout both the __________ phases of the cardiac cycle.

<p>ventricular systole and ventricular diastole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive inotropes allow the heart to pump __________ blood with fewer heart beats.

<p>more;</p> Signup and view all the answers

They do this by __________ the end-systolic volume (ESV).

<p>decreasing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual with high blood pressure (hypertension) is expected to benefit from the administration of __________ inotropic drugs that __________ the heart's workload.

<p>negative; decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The expected effect of the drug Digoxin is to __________ ventricular contraction and __________ stroke volume.

<p>strengthen; increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify whether each item would increase or decrease stroke volume.

<p>Missing items for categorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Categorize the following as to whether each will increase or decrease mean arterial pressure.

<p>Missing items for categorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct.

<p>Missing words needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heart rate and stroke volume decrease under decreased parasympathetic stimulation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus monitor blood carbon dioxide and pH.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place the numbers in the locations corresponding to the correct sequence of blood flow to the heart, beginning with number 1.

<p>Missing numbers for blood flow sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the parts of this diagram of a normal electrocardiogram.

<p>Missing parts of ECG diagram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the following anatomical features of the thoracic cavity.

<p>Missing anatomical features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Categorize the following descriptions based on which ion is being described.

<p>Missing descriptions for categorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the following structures of the heart.

<p>Missing structures for identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the following coronary blood vessels of the heart.

<p>Missing labels for coronary blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cardiac cycle event with the correct ventricular activity.

<p>Atrial contraction = Ventricle filling Ventricular contraction = Blood ejection Diastole = Ventricles relax</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the components of the cardiac conduction system.

<p>Missing components for labeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Categorize the following statement as belonging to either sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

<p>Missing statements for categorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tell whether true or false.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The AV valves close in response to the __________.

<p>contraction of the ventricles and the resulting rise in ventricular pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Action potentials received directly from __________ stimulate the papillary muscles to contract, allowing for the proper __________ of the AV valves.

<p>Purkinje fibers; closing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitral valve prolapse severe enough to cause regurgitation may directly cause __________ pressure in the __________ atrium.

<p>increased; left.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label these baroreceptor/chemoreceptor reflex pathway components.

<p>Missing components for labeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the following external anatomy of the anterior heart.

<p>Missing labels for external anatomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angina is defined as:

<p>exertional chest pain due to inadequate coronary blood flow downstream to an atherosclerotic plaque.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Olivia's EKG was normal at the beginning of her stress test and symptoms and changes of ischemia only became evident once she began walking on the treadmill because of:

<p>death of part of the myocardium as a result of complete arterial occlusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Risk factors for AS include:

<p>All listed choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'form' of blood cholesterol that reflects healthy cholesterol metabolism and is associated with a lowered AS risk is:

<p>high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statement that the risk factors for AS are synergistic means that:

<p>the likelihood of developing AS rises geometrically with each new risk factor as opposed to being simply additive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A proven method for preventing atherosclerosis:

<p>does not exist, but eliminating or reducing the modifiable risk factors is known to reduce the overall risk and severity of AS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Olivia's doctor left a stent in her coronary artery after it had been successfully opened by angioplasty to prevent restenosis, true or false?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Place the steps blood flow through the heart in the correct order.

<p>Missing steps for blood flow order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the coronary arteries in an anterior view of the heart.

<p>Missing labels for coronary arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exercise has the following effects on cardiac output. (Check all that apply)

<p>Increases stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

Then place each sentence in a logical order beginning with blood entering the right side of the heart.

<p>Missing sentences for order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Label the following internal anatomy of the heart.

<p>Missing labels for internal anatomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drag each label into the appropriate position to characterize the events of a single heart cycle as seen on an EKG tracing.

<p>Missing labels for the EKG tracing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Respond to the pop-up boxes by choosing the correct answers.

<p>Missing choices needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Anatomy and Physiology

  • The heart has specific internal and external anatomical features, including chambers, valves, and coronary blood vessels.
  • Blood flow through the heart follows a defined pathway, starting from the lungs and returning to the left atrium after oxygenation.
  • Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself, critical for its function and health.

Electrical Activity of the Heart

  • The cardiac conduction system initiates action potentials, crucial for heart muscle contraction.
  • An ECG recording can indicate various heart conditions, such as first-degree AV block characterized by delayed action potential between the SA and AV nodes.
  • The relationship between P waves and QRS complexes helps identify particular types of heart blocks.

Cardiac Cycle and Blood Flow

  • The cardiac cycle consists of systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation), impacting stroke volume and mean arterial pressure.
  • Semilunar valves remain open during late ventricular systole, allowing blood ejection from the heart.
  • Ventricular contraction strength can be influenced by pharmacological agents, positively affecting cardiac output.

Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Health

  • Age-related changes in heart function can be assessed to understand cardiovascular health better.
  • Risk factors for atherosclerosis (AS) include high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol levels, with a synergistic effect meaning multiple risks significantly increase disease likelihood.
  • Regular exercise is known to positively impact cardiac output and overall heart function.

Clinical Implications and Measurements

  • Monitoring blood pressure and recognizing symptoms like angina can indicate underlying heart issues.
  • Baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflex pathways are essential in regulating heart rate and ensuring proper blood flow according to the body's needs.
  • Identifying and managing heart conditions through interventions such as stenting can prevent complications like restenosis.

Important Definitions

  • Angina is chest pain due to insufficient coronary blood flow, specifically during exertion.
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is linked to lower risks of cardiovascular diseases, functioning as a marker of healthy metabolism.
  • An understanding of the positioning of heart structures aids in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular conditions.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system through these flashcards! This quiz focuses on labeling the internal anatomy of the heart and understanding the flow of oxygenated blood within it. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or preparing for exams.

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