Cardiovascular System Chapter 11 Homework

Questions and Answers

Rank the events sequentially to empty the ventricles.

Intraventricular pressure begins to increase. = 1 Atrioventricular (AV) valves close. = 2 Isovolumetric contraction occurs. = 3 Intraventricular pressure rises above arterial pressure. = 4 Semilunar valves open. = 5 Ventricular ejection occurs. = 6

The root word ______ means 'vessel.'

vas-

The root word ______ means 'pressure.'

-tension

The root word ______ means 'heart.'

cardi- Signup and view all the answers

The root word ______ means 'hard.'

scler- Signup and view all the answers

The root word ______ means 'liver.'

hepat- Signup and view all the answers

An infection of the liver is called ______.

hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon who repairs damaged blood vessels is called a ______ surgeon.

vascular Signup and view all the answers

The membrane surrounding the heart is the ______.

pericardium Signup and view all the answers

______ is a condition in which arteries harden.

Arteriosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

______ is lower than normal blood pressure.

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

______: The first wave on an ECG that follows the firing of the SA node.

P wave Signup and view all the answers

______: The large wave that results from the depolarization of the ventricles.

QRS complex Signup and view all the answers

______: The third wave that results from currents flowing during the repolarization of the ventricles.

T wave Signup and view all the answers

During ______, the ventricles fill with blood.

mid-to-late diastole Signup and view all the answers

During ______, the ventricles contract.

systole Signup and view all the answers

During ______, the ventricles relax.

early diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is happening during mid-to-late diastole? (Choose all that apply)

Atrioventricular (AV) valves are open. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best summarizes the early diastolic phase after ventricular contraction?

This is called isovolumetric relaxation and intraventricular pressure decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Events of the cardiac cycle in order.

Blood flows passively through the atria and AV valves. = 1 Receiving chamber pressure increases; more blood exits through AV valves. = 2 All valves are closed; ventricular pressure increases. = 3 Blood is forced through the semilunar valves by high pressure. = 4 All valves are closed; ventricular pressure decreases. = 5 Signup and view all the answers

______: the friction red blood cells encounter when moving past each other.

Blood viscosity Signup and view all the answers

______: the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each minute.

Cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

______: the force of the blood against the vessel wall.

Blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

______: the amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels.

Total peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________.

blood vessel diameter Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System Concepts

Ventricular systole: High pressure in the ventricles pushes blood into arteries; atria are in diastole.
Sequence of events during ventricular emptying:
- Intraventricular pressure begins to rise.
- Atrioventricular (AV) valves close.
- Isovolumetric contraction occurs.
- Intraventricular pressure exceeds arterial pressure.
- Semilunar valves open.
- Blood is ejected from the ventricles.

Root Words and Their Meanings

vas-: Means "vessel."
-tension: Means "pressure."
cardi-: Means "heart."
scler-: Means "hard."
hepat-: Means "liver."

Medical Conditions and Procedures

Hepatitis: Infection of the liver.
Vascular surgeon: Specialist who repairs damaged blood vessels.
Pericardium: Membrane protecting the heart.
Arteriosclerosis: Condition where arteries become hardened.
Hypotension: Lower than normal blood pressure.

Cardiac Events and Waves

P wave: Represents atrial depolarization; first wave on ECG after SA node firing.
QRS complex: Indicates ventricular depolarization; precedes ventricular contraction.
T wave: Reflects repolarization of the ventricles.

Phases of the Cardiac Cycle

Mid-to-late diastole: Atria contract, AV valves are open, blood fills ventricles from veins, aiding preparation for systole.
Systole: Ventricles contract, pushing blood into arteries.
Early diastole: Ventricles relax after contraction.

Summary of Cardiac Cycle Events

Blood passively flows through atria and AV valves.
Pressure in receiving chambers increases; blood exits through AV valves.
All valves close; ventricular pressure rises.
High ventricular pressure forces blood through semilunar valves.
Ventricular pressure decreases once valves are closed.

Blood Properties

Blood viscosity: Friction red blood cells face moving past each other.
Cardiac output: Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle each minute.
Blood pressure: Force of blood against vessel walls.
Total peripheral resistance: Friction blood encounters during vessel flow.

Factors Affecting Blood Pressure

Blood pressure increases with a decrease in blood vessel diameter.

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Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with these flashcards focused on Chapter 11. This quiz will challenge you to sequence the events of ventricular systole and understand the dynamics of heart function. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of cardiac cycles.