Cardiovascular System CCI Practice Exam
23 Questions
101 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

At what time during fetal growth is the heart first fully developed?

40 Days

Which of the following L-R shunts is the last to close in the normal postpartum period, and when does it close?

Patent Foramen Ovale, closing at the end of the first week

During the resting state, which of the following ions are pumped out of the cells of the myocardium?

Sodium

Following electrical depolarization of the myocardial cell membrane, which ion rushes in first, and which ion rushes in later?

<p>Sodium followed by calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion helps slow heart muscle contraction?

<p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the cardiac cell action potential, what phases are included in the absolute refractory period?

<p>Phases 1 into Phase 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

When contracting against which of the following pressures will the velocity of muscle cell contraction be most rapid?

<p>Lowest pressure, the higher the pressure the more that it has to overcome in order to contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the beat following a premature ventricular depolarization?

<p>The beat is stronger than a typical beat</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following increase preload?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following increase afterload?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant echo finding associated with increased preload?

<p>LV Dilatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with a VSD, which of the following sites will provide a measure of pulmonic flow?

<p>MV</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a patient with severe MR?

<p>EF - 55%, RF - 25%, EF - 25%, RF - 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

All are cardiac responses to increased sympathetic stimulation?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the cardiac cycle, which valve most closely follows the T wave on the ECG?

<p>AV closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flow pattern is most likely to be the longest?

<p>PI</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal O2 saturation of blood in the pulmonary artery?

<p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is oxygen saturation of blood the lowest?

<p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

During systole, the aortic and LV pressures are quite different. What is this finding indicative of?

<p>AS</p> Signup and view all the answers

During diastole, the RA pressure is much higher than RV pressure. What does this indicate?

<p>TS</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient has an ECG with five premature ventricular contractions in succession. What is this called?

<p>Ventricular tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum length of time that echo records need to be kept?

<p>7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normally, how much fluid is found in the pericardial sac?

<p>40cc</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fetal Heart Development

  • The heart is fully developed by 40 days of fetal growth.

Postpartum Heart Shunt Closure

  • The last L-R shunt to close after birth is the Patent Foramen Ovale, typically closing by the end of the first week.

Ion Movement in Myocardium

  • Sodium ions are pumped out of myocardial cells during the resting state.
  • Following depolarization, sodium enters first, followed by calcium.

Heart Muscle Contraction

  • Potassium ions help to slow down heart muscle contraction.
  • Muscle cell contraction is most rapid against the lowest pressure; higher pressures hinder contraction.

Ventricular Depolarization Effects

  • A premature ventricular depolarization results in a stronger than normal heart beat.

Preload and Afterload Influences

  • Preload is increased by mitral regurgitation (MR), aortic insufficiency (AI), and volume overload.
  • Afterload is increased by aortic stenosis (AS), aortic stenosis with hypertension (ASH), and hypertension (HTN).

Echo Findings

  • Increased preload is predominantly indicated by left ventricular (LV) dilatation.

VSD and Pulmonic Flow

  • In a patient with a ventricular septal defect (VSD), the mitral valve (MV) site measures pulmonic flow.

Severe Mitral Regurgitation Characteristics

  • In patients with severe MR, the ejection fraction (EF) can range between 25% to 55% while regurgitant fraction (RF) can range from 25% to 50%.

Sympathetic Stimulation Responses

  • Increased sympathetic stimulation leads to higher heart rates, enhanced contractility, and increased cardiac irritability.

Cardiac Cycle Velocities

  • The atrioventricular (AV) valves close shortly after the T wave on the ECG during the cardiac cycle.

Flow Patterns

  • The flow pattern with the longest duration observed is the diastolic deceleration time (PI).

Oxygen Saturation Levels

  • Normal oxygen saturation in the pulmonary artery is around 75%.
  • The lowest oxygen saturation is found in the coronary sinus.

Pressure Changes During Cardiac Phases

  • During systole, significant pressure differences between aortic and LV pressures indicate aortic stenosis (AS).
  • Elevated right atrial (RA) pressure in diastole compared to the right ventricle (RV) suggests tricuspid stenosis (TS).

Arrhythmia Identification

  • Five consecutive premature ventricular contractions identified on an ECG indicate ventricular tachycardia.

Echo Record Keeping Requirements

  • Minimum retention time for echo records is 7 years.

Pericardial Fluid Volume

  • Normal volume of fluid in the pericardial sac is approximately 40 cc.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts related to fetal heart development and cardiovascular physiology. This flashcard quiz covers important topics regarding the heart's growth and post-partum changes. Perfect for students preparing for the CCI exam in cardiovascular care.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser