59 Questions
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate
Which anticoagulant is indicated for long-term use and may be self-administered at home?
Enoxaparin
Which test is used to monitor serum levels of warfarin?
INR
What is the classification of warfarin?
Anticoagulant
Which anticoagulant is used for prophylaxis and treatment of various thromboembolic disorders including atrial fibrillation with embolization?
Heparin
What should a patient on anticoagulants avoid to prevent bleeding?
Using sharp razors
Which of the following is a function of the Autonomic Nervous System in cardiovascular function?
Regulation of heart rate and blood vessel constriction
What are the possible etiologies of right-sided heart failure?
Pulmonary hypertension and chronic lung diseases
What are the 5 P’s and a T associated with Peripheral Vascular Disease?
Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Temperature
What are the structures of the Cardiovascular System?
Heart, Veins, Arteries, Capillaries
What is the function of the Conduction system in the heart?
Initiating and coordinating the heartbeat
What are the possible signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?
Dyspnea, Orthopnea, Crackles, S3 gallop, Pulmonary edema
What is atenolol primarily used for?
Hypertension and angina pectoris
How is venous circulation promoted?
Elevating legs, supporting ambulation, and using compression devices
What are the side effects of enalapril?
Dry cough and hypotension
What is the main use of nitroglycerin?
Angina
What is the purpose of digoxin in cardiovascular care?
Used for heart failure, with implications for monitoring apical pulse and serum levels
What is the function of atorvastatin in cardiovascular disease prevention?
Lowers cholesterol levels and prevents cardiovascular disease, with implications for monitoring liver enzymes
Which lab tests are used to diagnose cardiac muscle damage and heart failure?
CK-MB, Troponin, and BNP
What are the symptoms of left-sided heart failure?
Cough, shortness of breath, and pink frothy sputum
What is the impact of electrolyte levels, particularly Potassium (K+), on cardiac function?
Significantly impacts cardiac function
What are the cardiovascular nursing diagnoses related to heart failure?
Decreased Cardiac Output, Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, and Activity Intolerance
What is the characteristic of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?
Pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis, and temperature changes
What are the nursing interventions for heart failure?
Patient teaching on diet, weight loss, exercise, and risk factor management
What factors can influence cardiac function?
Developmental stage, environment, cardiovascular abnormalities, and oxygen transport abnormalities
What is included in cardiovascular assessment?
Demographic data, health history, and lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease
What is involved in the general survey and inspection of a patient?
Looking for signs of distress, skin color, breathing effort, and jugular neck vein distention
What is included in the palpation of a patient during cardiovascular assessment?
Feeling for skin temperature, moisture, discomfort, pulses, and edema
What does auscultation involve in cardiovascular assessment?
Listening for apical rate, rhythm, S1 and S2 closure of valves, and cardiac murmurs
What labs and diagnostics are included in cardiovascular assessment?
Cholesterol levels (should be under 200 mg/dl) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (should be <10 or <2.0 for heart disease)
Which anticoagulant is indicated for long-term use and may be self-administered at home?
Enoxaparin
What is the antidote for heparin?
Protamine sulfate
Which test is used to monitor serum levels of warfarin?
INR
What are the implications of taking warfarin?
Assess for bleeding
What should a patient on anticoagulants avoid to prevent bleeding?
Straining at BM
What is the classification of enoxaparin?
Anticoagulant
Which of the following is a possible etiology of right-sided heart failure?
Pulmonary hypertension
What are the 5 P’s and a T associated with Peripheral Vascular Disease?
Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Temperature
What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System in cardiovascular function?
Regulating heart rate and blood pressure
What are the possible signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?
Dyspnea, Fatigue, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
What are the structures of the Cardiovascular System?
Heart, Blood vessels, Blood
Which medication is primarily used for the prevention of myocardial infarction?
Atenolol
What is the primary function of enalapril in cardiovascular care?
Lower blood pressure
What is the primary purpose of nitroglycerin in cardiovascular care?
Vasodilation for angina
What is the main implication for monitoring when administering digoxin?
Apical pulse and serum levels
Which nursing intervention is recommended for promoting arterial circulation?
Teaching smoking cessation
What is the recommended action for managing anxiety in patients?
Speaking calmly and providing clear information
What does cardiovascular assessment involve?
Evaluations of demographic data, health history, and lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease
What does auscultation involve in cardiovascular assessment?
Listening for apical rate, rhythm, S1 and S2 closure of valves, and cardiac murmurs
What is included in the palpation of a patient during cardiovascular assessment?
Feeling for skin temperature, moisture, discomfort, pulses, and edema
What should the cholesterol levels be for cardiovascular health?
Under 200 mg/dl
What should the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels be for heart disease?
<10 or <2.0
How is auscultation of carotids conducted?
By listening carefully over both arteries with the diaphragm of a stethoscope to detect bruits
Which lab tests are used to diagnose cardiac muscle damage and heart failure?
CK-MB, Troponin, and BNP
What are the symptoms of right-sided heart failure?
Peripheral edema, ascites, and jugular vein distention
What are the cardiovascular nursing diagnoses related to heart failure?
Decreased Cardiac Output, Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, and Activity Intolerance
What is the characteristic of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?
Pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis, and temperature changes
What is the function of the Conduction system in the heart?
Regulates the electrical impulses that coordinate the heart rhythm
How is venous circulation promoted?
Through patient teaching on diet, weight loss, exercise, and risk factor management
Study Notes
Cardiovascular System and Assessment Overview
- The cardiovascular system includes coronary arteries, heart conduction system, systemic and pulmonary blood vessels, and regulating functions by the autonomic nervous system.
- Factors influencing cardiac function include developmental stage, environment, cardiovascular abnormalities, and oxygen transport abnormalities.
- Cardiovascular assessment involves urgent and non-urgent evaluations, including demographic data, health history, and lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease.
- General survey and inspection of a patient involves looking for signs of distress, skin color, breathing effort, and jugular neck vein distention.
- Palpation of a patient includes feeling for skin temperature, moisture, discomfort, pulses, and edema.
- Auscultation involves listening for apical rate, rhythm, S1 and S2 closure of valves, and cardiac murmurs, including aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral valves.
- Auscultation of carotids is conducted by listening carefully over both arteries with the diaphragm of a stethoscope to detect bruits.
- Labs and diagnostics for cardiovascular assessment include cholesterol levels, which should be under 200 mg/dl, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which should be <10 or <2.0 for heart disease.
Cardiovascular Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) is valuable for predicting coronary events
- Electrolyte levels, particularly Potassium (K+), significantly impact cardiac function
- Labs such as CK-MB, Troponin, and BNP are used to diagnose cardiac muscle damage and heart failure
- Diagnostic tests like Electrocardiogram and Echocardiogram are used to evaluate cardiac function and structure
- Cardiovascular nursing diagnoses include Decreased Cardiac Output, Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, and Activity Intolerance
- Nursing interventions involve patient teaching on diet, weight loss, exercise, and risk factor management
- Heart failure leads to systemic and pulmonary edema, resulting in fatigue and organ dysfunction
- Right-sided heart failure leads to peripheral venous congestion, while left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary symptoms
- Symptoms of left-sided heart failure include cough, SOB, and pink frothy sputum
- Symptoms of right-sided heart failure include peripheral edema, ascites, and jugular vein distention
- Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis, and temperature changes
- Peripheral venous disease (PVD) involves damaged or blocked veins, leading to edema, varicose veins, and ulcers in the extremities
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system and assessment with this quiz. Explore topics such as cardiac function, cardiovascular assessment, and diagnostic procedures. Sharpen your understanding of key factors influencing cardiac health and learn about the essential components of a cardiovascular assessment.
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