Cardiovascular System and Assessment Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the antidote for heparin?

  • Warfarin
  • Protamine sulfate (correct)
  • Vitamin K
  • Enoxaparin

    • Which anticoagulant is indicated for long-term use and may be self-administered at home?

  • Enoxaparin (correct)
  • Heparin
  • Warfarin
  • Coumadin

    • Which test is used to monitor serum levels of warfarin?

  • APTT
  • PTT
  • INR (correct)
  • PT

    • What is the classification of warfarin?

    <p>Anticoagulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticoagulant is used for prophylaxis and treatment of various thromboembolic disorders including atrial fibrillation with embolization?

    <p>Heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient on anticoagulants avoid to prevent bleeding?

    <p>Using sharp razors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of the Autonomic Nervous System in cardiovascular function?

    <p>Regulation of heart rate and blood vessel constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible etiologies of right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension and chronic lung diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 P’s and a T associated with Peripheral Vascular Disease?

    <p>Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the structures of the Cardiovascular System?

    <p>Heart, Veins, Arteries, Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Conduction system in the heart?

    <p>Initiating and coordinating the heartbeat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Dyspnea, Orthopnea, Crackles, S3 gallop, Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atenolol primarily used for?

    <p>Hypertension and angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is venous circulation promoted?

    <p>Elevating legs, supporting ambulation, and using compression devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the side effects of enalapril?

    <p>Dry cough and hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of nitroglycerin?

    <p>Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of digoxin in cardiovascular care?

    <p>Used for heart failure, with implications for monitoring apical pulse and serum levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of atorvastatin in cardiovascular disease prevention?

    <p>Lowers cholesterol levels and prevents cardiovascular disease, with implications for monitoring liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab tests are used to diagnose cardiac muscle damage and heart failure?

    <p>CK-MB, Troponin, and BNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Cough, shortness of breath, and pink frothy sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of electrolyte levels, particularly Potassium (K+), on cardiac function?

    <p>Significantly impacts cardiac function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardiovascular nursing diagnoses related to heart failure?

    <p>Decreased Cardiac Output, Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, and Activity Intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?

    <p>Pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis, and temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the nursing interventions for heart failure?

    <p>Patient teaching on diet, weight loss, exercise, and risk factor management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can influence cardiac function?

    <p>Developmental stage, environment, cardiovascular abnormalities, and oxygen transport abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in cardiovascular assessment?

    <p>Demographic data, health history, and lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the general survey and inspection of a patient?

    <p>Looking for signs of distress, skin color, breathing effort, and jugular neck vein distention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the palpation of a patient during cardiovascular assessment?

    <p>Feeling for skin temperature, moisture, discomfort, pulses, and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does auscultation involve in cardiovascular assessment?

    <p>Listening for apical rate, rhythm, S1 and S2 closure of valves, and cardiac murmurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What labs and diagnostics are included in cardiovascular assessment?

    <p>Cholesterol levels (should be under 200 mg/dl) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (should be &lt;10 or &lt;2.0 for heart disease)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticoagulant is indicated for long-term use and may be self-administered at home?

    <p>Enoxaparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for heparin?

    <p>Protamine sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to monitor serum levels of warfarin?

    <p>INR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the implications of taking warfarin?

    <p>Assess for bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient on anticoagulants avoid to prevent bleeding?

    <p>Straining at BM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of enoxaparin?

    <p>Anticoagulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible etiology of right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 5 P’s and a T associated with Peripheral Vascular Disease?

    <p>Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Autonomic Nervous System in cardiovascular function?

    <p>Regulating heart rate and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

    <p>Dyspnea, Fatigue, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the structures of the Cardiovascular System?

    <p>Heart, Blood vessels, Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is primarily used for the prevention of myocardial infarction?

    <p>Atenolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enalapril in cardiovascular care?

    <p>Lower blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of nitroglycerin in cardiovascular care?

    <p>Vasodilation for angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication for monitoring when administering digoxin?

    <p>Apical pulse and serum levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing intervention is recommended for promoting arterial circulation?

    <p>Teaching smoking cessation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for managing anxiety in patients?

    <p>Speaking calmly and providing clear information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cardiovascular assessment involve?

    <p>Evaluations of demographic data, health history, and lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does auscultation involve in cardiovascular assessment?

    <p>Listening for apical rate, rhythm, S1 and S2 closure of valves, and cardiac murmurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the palpation of a patient during cardiovascular assessment?

    <p>Feeling for skin temperature, moisture, discomfort, pulses, and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the cholesterol levels be for cardiovascular health?

    <p>Under 200 mg/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels be for heart disease?

    <p>&lt;10 or &lt;2.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is auscultation of carotids conducted?

    <p>By listening carefully over both arteries with the diaphragm of a stethoscope to detect bruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab tests are used to diagnose cardiac muscle damage and heart failure?

    <p>CK-MB, Troponin, and BNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of right-sided heart failure?

    <p>Peripheral edema, ascites, and jugular vein distention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardiovascular nursing diagnoses related to heart failure?

    <p>Decreased Cardiac Output, Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, and Activity Intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?

    <p>Pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis, and temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Conduction system in the heart?

    <p>Regulates the electrical impulses that coordinate the heart rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is venous circulation promoted?

    <p>Through patient teaching on diet, weight loss, exercise, and risk factor management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular System and Assessment Overview

    • The cardiovascular system includes coronary arteries, heart conduction system, systemic and pulmonary blood vessels, and regulating functions by the autonomic nervous system.
    • Factors influencing cardiac function include developmental stage, environment, cardiovascular abnormalities, and oxygen transport abnormalities.
    • Cardiovascular assessment involves urgent and non-urgent evaluations, including demographic data, health history, and lifestyle risk factors for coronary heart disease.
    • General survey and inspection of a patient involves looking for signs of distress, skin color, breathing effort, and jugular neck vein distention.
    • Palpation of a patient includes feeling for skin temperature, moisture, discomfort, pulses, and edema.
    • Auscultation involves listening for apical rate, rhythm, S1 and S2 closure of valves, and cardiac murmurs, including aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral valves.
    • Auscultation of carotids is conducted by listening carefully over both arteries with the diaphragm of a stethoscope to detect bruits.
    • Labs and diagnostics for cardiovascular assessment include cholesterol levels, which should be under 200 mg/dl, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, which should be <10 or <2.0 for heart disease.

    Cardiovascular Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions

    • Complete Blood Count (CBC) is valuable for predicting coronary events
    • Electrolyte levels, particularly Potassium (K+), significantly impact cardiac function
    • Labs such as CK-MB, Troponin, and BNP are used to diagnose cardiac muscle damage and heart failure
    • Diagnostic tests like Electrocardiogram and Echocardiogram are used to evaluate cardiac function and structure
    • Cardiovascular nursing diagnoses include Decreased Cardiac Output, Ineffective Tissue Perfusion, and Activity Intolerance
    • Nursing interventions involve patient teaching on diet, weight loss, exercise, and risk factor management
    • Heart failure leads to systemic and pulmonary edema, resulting in fatigue and organ dysfunction
    • Right-sided heart failure leads to peripheral venous congestion, while left-sided heart failure leads to pulmonary symptoms
    • Symptoms of left-sided heart failure include cough, SOB, and pink frothy sputum
    • Symptoms of right-sided heart failure include peripheral edema, ascites, and jugular vein distention
    • Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by pain, pallor, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis, and temperature changes
    • Peripheral venous disease (PVD) involves damaged or blocked veins, leading to edema, varicose veins, and ulcers in the extremities

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    Lecture 9 & 10 Cardiovascular.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system and assessment with this quiz. Explore topics such as cardiac function, cardiovascular assessment, and diagnostic procedures. Sharpen your understanding of key factors influencing cardiac health and learn about the essential components of a cardiovascular assessment.

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