35 Questions
What is the function of the larynx in the lower respiratory tract?
Maintains an open airway, assists in sound production
Which age-related change is associated with a decline in the strength of respiratory muscles?
Increased work of breathing
What process involves gas exchange between air and blood?
External respiration
What age-related change results in a decline in total lung capacity?
Increased residual volume
Which component of the lower respiratory tract branches into the lungs?
Bronchi
What does cellular respiration use to produce ATP?
Oxygen
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of orthostatic hypotension?
Chest pain
What is the main purpose of educating patients, their family, and caregivers about orthostatic hypotension?
To reduce falls occurring due to OH
Which non-pharmacological method may be sufficient for patients with mild orthostatic hypotension?
Avoiding sudden standing after prolonged rest in the supine position
What is recommended for patients with orthostatic hypotension to avoid postprandial OH?
Taking small meals at frequent intervals
Which physiological change associated with aging contributes to decreased muscle strength and muscular endurance?
Selective loss of Type II, fast twitch fibers
What is the maximum amount of oxygen that the heart can pump and the muscles can use in a given period of time known as?
Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max)
What is considered an indicator of cardiovascular fitness?
Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max)
Which factor contributes to the decrease in aerobic capacity with age?
'VO2 max' measurement dependent on age-related changes in maximum heart rate
What decreases by about 1% per year after age 25, contributing to the decrease in aerobic capacity?
'VO2 max'
'Maximal heart rate = 220 beats/min − age in years' represents which age-related change associated with cardiovascular fitness?
'Maximum heart rate' decreases due to decreased sympathetic nervous system activity and changes in cardiac conduction.
What age-related change is associated with a decrease in the water content of intervertebral discs?
Decreased water content leading to stiffness and flattening
Which physiological change is NOT associated with aging in the skeletal system?
Increased water content in cartilage
What is the clinical implication of maintenance of weight-bearing for cartilaginous/joint health?
Improved cartilage and joint health
Which type of physical therapy intervention has been noted to produce significant increases in strength in older adults?
Progressive resistive exercise regimes only
What type of physical therapy intervention utilizes slow, prolonged stretching maintained for 20-30 seconds?
Flexibility and range of motion exercises
Which component of physical therapy interventions for older adults aims to stress components of good posture?
Postural exercises
What is the main purpose of weight-bearing (gravity-loading) exercises for the skeletal system in older adults?
To decrease bone loss
What is the appropriate approach to incorporating newly gained range of motion from exercises into functional activities for older adults?
Incorporate it into functional activities
Which type of physical activity should be gradually increased in intensity to avoid injury in older adults?
Any physical activity
What is a common clinical risk associated with age-related changes in the skeletal system?
Increased risk of fractures
Which age-related change in the cardiovascular system causes decreased responsiveness of end-organs to beta-adrenergic stimulation of baroreceptors?
Decline in neurohumoral control
What is the most common valve disease in the elderly?
Aortic stenosis
What is the characteristic brown pigment accumulation that occurs in the heart muscle with aging?
Accumulation of lipofuscins
Which age-related change results in higher systolic than diastolic resting blood pressures?
Increased peripheral resistance
What condition occurs 10 times more often in the elderly compared to younger adults and is characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle?
Angina
Which physical therapy intervention is essential prior to commencing an exercise program for older adults due to the high incidence of cardiopulmonary pathologies?
Complete cardiopulmonary examination
What age-related change results in decreased O2 supply to vital organs, especially in the setting of acute respiratory illness?
"Combine less functional alveoli with slightly thickened capillaries"
"Using incentive spirometry" is recommended as a physical therapy intervention to slow changes in which system?
"Respiratory system"
"Avoidance of environmental contaminants and smoking cessation" are recommended interventions to slow changes in which system?
"Respiratory system"
Test your knowledge of assessing the cardiovascular system in geriatric patients with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as blood pressure assessment in different positions, cardiac assessment, palpation of arteries, monitoring heart rate and rhythm, recognizing dyspnea with exertion, and identifying orthostatic hypotension.
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