Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Function

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What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste. (correct)
To produce hormones
To filter air
To digest food

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for pumping blood?

Pericardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Myocardium (correct)

Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Right Atrium (correct)
Left Atrium

Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid Valve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Mitral valve (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which heart chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

Left Ventricle (A) Signup and view all the answers

For which of the following medications are coagulation studies typically used?

Anticoagulants (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cardiac enzyme is considered the gold standard for indicating myocardial damage?

Troponin I (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does a B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) level above 100 pg/ml typically indicate?

Heart failure (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)?

To compress intracoronary plaque and increase blood flow. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?

Pulmonary Valve (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the inherent ability of the heart to contract rhythmically called?

Automaticity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system causes arterial vasoconstriction?

Sympathetic (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which node is considered the heart's pacemaker?

SA node (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the AV node located?

Lower posterior atrium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle called?

Diastole (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the 'Lub' (S1) sound in the heart?

AV valves closing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries?

Exchange oxygen and nutrients within tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate duration of one complete cardiac cycle?

0.8 seconds (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

Artery (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of systemic circulation?

Delivering oxygen and nutrients to body parts and removing waste (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches off the aorta to perfuse the myocardium?

Both right and left coronary arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pulmonary circulation?

Pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What two factors determine cardiac output?

Heart rate and stroke volume (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of stroke volume?

Preload (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does preload refer to?

The degree of ventricular stretch before contraction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is afterload?

The resistance the ventricles must overcome to deliver stroke volume (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can chest radiography illustrate?

Heart size and shape (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an angiogram used to diagnose?

Vessel occlusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

An electrocardiogram (EKG) is a graphic study of what?

The heart's conduction system (A) Signup and view all the answers

Cardiovascular System Function

Pumps blood, transports oxygen and nutrients, removes waste.

What is the Heart's Primary Role?

Pumps blood throughout the tissues.