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Cardiovascular Physiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does an increase in preload primarily affect in the heart's performance?

It increases the heart rate significantly.
It reduces the resistance against blood ejection.
It decreases the volume of blood in the ventricles.
It strengthens the force of contraction. (correct)

How does increased afterload affect the heart?

It leads to an increase in preload.
It decreases heart's contraction strength.
It causes a decrease in the stroke volume. (correct)
It reduces the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Which of the following is a method by which drugs can decrease preload?

By dilating veins to increase blood flow. (correct)
By increasing heart rate to expel more blood.
By relaxing blood vessels in the arterial system.
By constricting veins to reduce blood volume.

What is the effect of high resistance on the heart due to increased afterload?

<p>It can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cardiac output when preload increases?

<p>It increases due to stronger contraction and greater stroke volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Preload Definition

Amount of blood in ventricles after diastole (EDV).

Preload Effect on Heart

Increased blood volume stretches ventricles, leading to stronger pump.

Afterload Definition

Resistance blood faces leaving the heart.

Afterload Effect on Heart

High afterload stresses LV, potentially leading to LV hypertrophy.

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Afterload Drug Effect

Drugs can lower or increase afterload by affecting blood vessel dilation.

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Study Notes

Preload

Same as EDV; amount of blood in ventricles after diastole
Increased preload stretches ventricles, causing stronger contractions
Stronger contractions increase stroke volume and cardiac output
Drugs can affect preload by dilating or constricting veins, affecting preload

Afterload

Resistance against blood as it is pumped out of the heart
Blood from the left ventricle (LV) must push against blood already in the aorta
Increased resistance (e.g., stenosis, high blood pressure) makes the heart work harder
Continued high resistance (e.g., hypertension) can cause LV hypertrophy (enlargement)
Drugs can alter afterload by relaxing or dilating blood vessels in the periphery
This reduces the workload on the heart
Drugs that constrict blood vessels increase afterload, increasing the workload on the heart.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts of preload and afterload in cardiovascular physiology. Learn how these factors affect heart function, stroke volume, and cardiac output, along with the impact of various drugs on these processes.