Cardiovascular Physiology Equations Quiz

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What is the equation for cardiac output (Q)?

Q = SV / HR
Q = SV * HR (correct)
Q = SV + HR
Q = SV - HR

What is the formula for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

MAP = (1/3) * SBP + (2/3) * DBP (correct)
MAP = SBP - DBP
MAP = SBP * DBP
MAP = SBP / DBP

What does the VD/VT ratio measure?

Heart rate
Gas exchange efficiency (correct)
Blood volume
Respiratory rate

What is the formula for alveolar ventilation (VA)?

VA = (VT - VD) * frequency (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for ejection fraction?

SV / EDV * 100 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for resistance?

Resistance = pressure / flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for critical power?

Critical power = VO2 * 5 * time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for net efficiency?

Net efficiency = ((WR * 0.00234) / ((VO2,2 - VO2,1) * 5)) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for mechanical efficiency?

Mechanical efficiency = external work accomplished / energy expended * 100 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does a-vO2diff (arterial venous oxygen) measure?

Difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for gross efficiency?

Gross efficiency = (WR * 0.00234) / ((VO2 * 5)) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for sodium and water retention in the kidneys?

Aldosterone (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released to inhibit gluconeogenesis during exercise?

Insulin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone increases from exercise and leads to a desire for more fuel?

Glucagon (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is released from overtraining and lack of rest?

Cortisol (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in metabolic rate?

Thyroid/parathyroid hormone (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for increasing muscle remodeling?

Growth hormone (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates breakdown of fats in adipocytes?

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to leptin levels during heavy intensity exercise?

Decrease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does resistance training have on hormone response (IGF, GH)?

Decreases response noticeably (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the inability to maintain a given exercise intensity known as?

Fatigue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main sites of fatigue?

Central and peripheral (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hormone responsible for increasing sensitivity to insulin?

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of muscle fatigue?

Accumulation of lactic acid and H+ ions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for muscle pH?

6.9-9.5 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of H+ ions on enzyme activity?

H+ ions inhibit enzyme binding to substrates (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)?

Inflammation and muscle damage (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does sodium bicarbonate help in fighting fatigue?

It acts as a buffer for H+ ions (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of caffeine on muscle fatigue?

Increase in fatty acid utilization (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor influences evaporation for heat exchange in thermoregulation?

Humidity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor determining the rate of heat exchange through radiation in thermoregulation?

Sunlight (D) Signup and view all the answers