Sheet 5 Physiology

What is the calculated value for the left heart area in the given context?

Based on the calculation provided, what is the total peripheral resistance (TPR) in this scenario?

If the blood output is 3L per min, what would be the corresponding value for the left heart area?

How does a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR) affect the left heart area?

If the left heart area is 0.5, what would be the corresponding value for blood output per min?

At what pressure level does the site at the apex reach?

What is the pressure level at the base site?

How much pressure difference is there between the apex and the base?

What is the pressure value at the mid-point between the apex and base?

If the apex site has a pressure of -5 mmHg, what is the most likely pressure at the base site?

Where does most air go during inhalation according to the passage?

Which region of the lungs has higher ventilation during a breath?

What is the compliance level of the apical alveoli mentioned in the passage?

Why does most air go directly to the base during a breath as per the passage?

What effect does the inflation level of apical alveoli have on ventilation?

What is the total filtration force outward mentioned in the text?

Which force contributes to reabsorption according to the text?

What does the value '14 mmHg' represent in the context provided?

How much is the summation of the reabsorption force and the filtration force outward due to proteins?

Which force is responsible for moving fluid inside according to the text?

What is the reason for the increase in Pc to 28 mmHg in a patient with acute MI?

What happens if Pc reaches 25 mmHg in a patient with acute MI?

In chronic left heart failure, what is the maximum Pc that lymphatics can handle according to the text?

What role do lymphatics play in managing extra filtered fluid in chronic left heart failure?

What is the term used to describe the situation when lymphatics can still handle extra filtered fluid even if Pc reaches 45 mmHg?

What happens to the intrapleural pressure when the alveoli expand during inhalation?

How does the dilation of the extra capillary relate to the alveolar expansion during inhalation?

When calculating Total R (resistance), how is it computed based on the given scenario?

What is the location of the least point of Total R (resistance) as indicated on the graph?

Considering the two different R values mentioned, what will happen to Total R if both R1 and R2 decrease?

How does the expansion of alveoli during inhalation affect the Total R value?

What is the primary function of the lymphatics in the lung according to the passage?

How does the presence of lymphatics in the lung impact the occurrence of edema?

What happens if the lung lacks sufficient lymphatics according to the passage?

How does the absence of lymphatics in the lung affect fluid management?

Which of the following statements best describes the role of lymphatics in preventing edema in the lung?

What is the main factor responsible for the high interstitial pressure (πinterstitial) of 14mmHg in the pulmonary capillary?

What value can be used as an approximation for the Average V/Q in the context provided?

What contributes to the overall capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) value of 10mmHg inside the pulmonary capillary?

If the Alveolar Ventilation were halved, what would be the new Average V/Q?

Which factor contributes to the πcap value of 28mmHg inside the pulmonary capillary?

What would be the likely result on the filtration force if the capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) is reduced?

What does the value '1' refer to in relation to the Average V/Q?

How would a decrease in Cardiac Output affect the Average V/Q?

How does the presence of πcap contribute to fluid dynamics inside the pulmonary capillary?

If Alveolar Ventilation were increased to 5 L per min, what effect would this have on the Average V/Q?

In the context of Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR), why is the left area thicker than the right area?

What is the relationship between the thickness of a particular area and its corresponding vascular resistance according to the information provided?

What effect would a decrease in Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) have on the thickness of a specific area, according to the passage?

If Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) were to increase by 10 times relative to Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR), what impact would this have on the relative thickness between two areas?

How does a significant difference in vascular resistance between two areas affect their respective thicknesses as outlined in the passage?

In an alveolus at the apex where V/Q >1, what is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen (PAO2)?

If V/Q is <1 in a basal alveolus, what would be the expected PAO2?

How does the PAO2 in an apical alveolus compare to that of a basal alveolus?

What happens to the PAO2 in an apical alveolus if V/Q is exactly 1?

If V/Q in a basal alveolus is 0.8, what would be a plausible PAO2 for this scenario?

Which type of blood flow is described in pulmonary capillaries in Zone 1 compared to systemic capillaries?

What proportion of the capillaries are open at any time in the pulmonary circulation according to the passage?

What contributes to the intermittent nature of blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries?

What characteristic distinguishes the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries from systemic capillaries temporally?

What role do the pre-capillary sphincters play in the context of pulmonary blood flow?