Sheet 5 Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the calculated value for the left heart area in the given context?

  • 10
  • 1 (correct)
  • 50
  • 5

    • Based on the calculation provided, what is the total peripheral resistance (TPR) in this scenario?

  • 500
  • 1000
  • 200
  • 100 (correct)

    • If the blood output is 3L per min, what would be the corresponding value for the left heart area?

  • 3 (correct)
  • 2
  • 5
  • 0.6

    • How does a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR) affect the left heart area?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the left heart area is 0.5, what would be the corresponding value for blood output per min?

    <p>2.5L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what pressure level does the site at the apex reach?

    <p>-8 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure level at the base site?

    <p>-2 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much pressure difference is there between the apex and the base?

    <p>6 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure value at the mid-point between the apex and base?

    <p>-5 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the apex site has a pressure of -5 mmHg, what is the most likely pressure at the base site?

    <p>-8 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most air go during inhalation according to the passage?

    <p>To the partially inflated alveoli at the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the lungs has higher ventilation during a breath?

    <p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compliance level of the apical alveoli mentioned in the passage?

    <p>Very low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does most air go directly to the base during a breath as per the passage?

    <p>Due to gravity's influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the inflation level of apical alveoli have on ventilation?

    <p>Decreases ventilation at the apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total filtration force outward mentioned in the text?

    <p>29 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force contributes to reabsorption according to the text?

    <p>28 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the value '14 mmHg' represent in the context provided?

    <p>Filtration force outward due to proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much is the summation of the reabsorption force and the filtration force outward due to proteins?

    <p>28 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which force is responsible for moving fluid inside according to the text?

    <p>-28 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the increase in Pc to 28 mmHg in a patient with acute MI?

    <p>Accumulation of blood in left ventricle and pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if Pc reaches 25 mmHg in a patient with acute MI?

    <p>Lymphatics can still take care of the extra filtered fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chronic left heart failure, what is the maximum Pc that lymphatics can handle according to the text?

    <p>45 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lymphatics play in managing extra filtered fluid in chronic left heart failure?

    <p>Taking care of the extra filtered fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the situation when lymphatics can still handle extra filtered fluid even if Pc reaches 45 mmHg?

    <p><strong>Pulmonary edema safety factor</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the intrapleural pressure when the alveoli expand during inhalation?

    <p>It decreases to -6 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dilation of the extra capillary relate to the alveolar expansion during inhalation?

    <p>It dilates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When calculating Total R (resistance), how is it computed based on the given scenario?

    <p>TR = R1 + R2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the least point of Total R (resistance) as indicated on the graph?

    <p>At the FRC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the two different R values mentioned, what will happen to Total R if both R1 and R2 decrease?

    <p>Total R will decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the expansion of alveoli during inhalation affect the Total R value?

    <p>Decreases Total R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatics in the lung according to the passage?

    <p>To manage extra filtrated fluids and prevent edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of lymphatics in the lung impact the occurrence of edema?

    <p>It helps manage excess filtrated fluids and prevents edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the lung lacks sufficient lymphatics according to the passage?

    <p>Edema occurs due to the inability to manage excess filtrated fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the absence of lymphatics in the lung affect fluid management?

    <p>Results in the inability to handle excess filtrated fluids, potentially causing edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the role of lymphatics in preventing edema in the lung?

    <p>Managing excess filtrated fluids to avoid edema formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor responsible for the high interstitial pressure (πinterstitial) of 14mmHg in the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>Presence of proteins in the interstitial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value can be used as an approximation for the Average V/Q in the context provided?

    <p>0.84</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the overall capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) value of 10mmHg inside the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>Albumin and Globulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the Alveolar Ventilation were halved, what would be the new Average V/Q?

    <p>0.42</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the πcap value of 28mmHg inside the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the likely result on the filtration force if the capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) is reduced?

    <p>Filtration force decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the value '1' refer to in relation to the Average V/Q?

    <p>An approximation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How would a decrease in Cardiac Output affect the Average V/Q?

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of πcap contribute to fluid dynamics inside the pulmonary capillary?

    <p>Increases filtration force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Alveolar Ventilation were increased to 5 L per min, what effect would this have on the Average V/Q?

    <p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR), why is the left area thicker than the right area?

    <p>Due to a higher TPR and PVR in the left area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the thickness of a particular area and its corresponding vascular resistance according to the information provided?

    <p>The thicker the area, the higher the vascular resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect would a decrease in Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) have on the thickness of a specific area, according to the passage?

    <p>Decrease in thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) were to increase by 10 times relative to Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR), what impact would this have on the relative thickness between two areas?

    <p>The left area would become thicker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a significant difference in vascular resistance between two areas affect their respective thicknesses as outlined in the passage?

    <p>The area with higher resistance will be thicker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an alveolus at the apex where V/Q >1, what is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen (PAO2)?

    <p>130mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If V/Q is <1 in a basal alveolus, what would be the expected PAO2?

    <p>90mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the PAO2 in an apical alveolus compare to that of a basal alveolus?

    <p>Apical alveolus has lower PAO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the PAO2 in an apical alveolus if V/Q is exactly 1?

    <p>PAO2 remains unchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If V/Q in a basal alveolus is 0.8, what would be a plausible PAO2 for this scenario?

    <p>95mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blood flow is described in pulmonary capillaries in Zone 1 compared to systemic capillaries?

    <p>Pulsatile in pulmonary capillaries, non-pulsatile in systemic capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of the capillaries are open at any time in the pulmonary circulation according to the passage?

    <p>1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the intermittent nature of blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries?

    <p>Opening and closing of 1/3 of the capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries from systemic capillaries temporally?

    <p>Intermittent in pulmonary, continuous in systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the pre-capillary sphincters play in the context of pulmonary blood flow?

    <p>Regulating the opening and closing of capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

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