Cardiovascular Medicine Quiz

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What is the primary indication of the height of pitting edema on a limb?

The degree of kidney failure

The degree of diabetes

The degree of liver disease

The degree of heart failure (correct)

What would the RCP conclude from observing a pattern of pulsus paradoxus on a patient's arterial blood pressure monitoring screen?

The patient has a heart murmur

The patient has heart failure

The patient has a heart attack

The patient has respiratory distress (correct)

Which of the following would cause a tracheal shift to the left?

Right sided open pneumothorax

Right sided closed (tension) pneumothorax (correct)

Left sided open pneumothorax

Left sided closed (tension) pneumothorax

What is the primary pathology associated with purulent (yellow or green) sputum?

Acute bronchitis Signup and view all the answers

What is not a critical element of a patient's social and environmental history?

Drugs and medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the breathing pattern characterized by increasing depth and rate, followed by a period of apnea?

Cheyne-Stokes breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the graphic representation of musical wheezing sounds?

Jagged zigzag lines Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of fine crackles?

Thought to be caused by the sudden opening of collapsed alveolar units Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible cause of coarse crackles?

Excessive secretions in the larger airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of coarse crackles?

Low-pitched sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the timing of adventitious sounds indicated by in the graphic representation?

The position of the extra graphics on the underlying breath sound diagonal line Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible cause of fine crackles?

Interstitial processes like pulmonary edema or fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What does the pitch of wheezes usually reflect?

The degree of airway narrowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of musical wheezes?

Continuous sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the graphic representation of adventitious sounds?

Circles and zigzag lines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of normal breath sounds?

Turbulent airflow in the airways Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of abnormal breath sounds?

Caused by altered airflow patterns Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the amplitude of the sound and the size of the airways?

The amplitude of the sound is directly related to the size of the airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of adventitious breath sounds based on?

Their nature Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of adventitious breath sounds?

Sounds that are added to an underlying normal or abnormal breath sound Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of abnormal breath sounds?

Sounds with an abnormal I:E duration Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual cause of bronchial and bronchovesicular sounds being heard in peripheral areas of the chest?

Bronchial inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe breath sounds that are classified as either normal or abnormal?

Breath sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of asking the patient to say 'ninety-nine' several times during the tactile vocal fremitus examination?

To detect vibrations transmitted through the airways to the lung Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by increased tactile vocal fremitus?

Consolidation of lung tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of consolidated lung tissue?

It is denser and more airless Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of decreased tactile vocal fremitus?

Obesity or muscularity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the hardening of normally soft tissue?

Induration Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the sound produced during palpation of consolidated lung tissue?

Dull or flat sound Signup and view all the answers

What is the radiological characteristic of consolidated lung tissue?

Radiopaque areas on the chest film Signup and view all the answers