27 Questions
What is a significant difference between ACE inhibitors and ARBs?
ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, while ARBs block the action of angiotensin II on its receptors.
What is a major side effect of all antidysrhythmic drugs?
Arrhythmia
How do heparin and warfarin differ from each other?
Heparin requires close monitoring due to its variable effects, while warfarin does not.
What lifestyle risk factor for hypertension can be addressed by encouraging patients to reduce their sodium intake?
High sodium intake
Why are antidysrhythmic drugs now less frequently prescribed?
They can potentially worsen existing arrhythmias or cause new ones.
What is a common adverse effect of diuretics that healthcare providers should monitor for in patients?
Hyperkalemia
What is the antagonist for warfarin?
Vitamin K
Which statement accurately describes one major difference between calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and beta-blockers?
Beta-blockers primarily decrease heart rate, while CCBs primarily cause vasodilation.
What is an essential factor that contributes to poor compliance with antihypertensive medications?
High medication cost
How are iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, and folic acid deficiency treated?
With nutritional supplements or dietary changes
What term best describes the ability of the heart to contract with force?
Inotropic
What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin primarily used for?
To relieve chest pain due to angina
Why is it important for the nurse to be cautious if a patient prescribed digoxin experiences nausea and loss of appetite?
Nausea and loss of appetite indicate digoxin toxicity.
What distinguishes heparin, warfarin, and enoxaparin in terms of their mechanism of action?
Heparin activates protein C, warfarin inhibits antithrombin, and enoxaparin binds to factor Xa.
What is the key factor determining the reduced prescription of antidysrhythmic drugs nowadays?
Growing concerns about the proarrhythmic effects of antidysrhythmics.
What is the primary side effect common to all antidysrhythmic drugs?
QT interval prolongation
Based on the new guidelines, what is the main change regarding prescribing statin medications?
The focus is now more on individualized risk assessment for statin therapy initiation.
How do iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, and folic acid deficiency differ in their treatment approaches?
Iron deficiency requires dietary changes, while B12 and folic acid deficiencies need supplementation.
What is a distinguishing feature between anticoagulant, antiplatelet, thrombolytic, erythropoietic, and leukopoietic drugs?
Antiplatelets prevent clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation, which differs from anticoagulants that block clotting factors synthesis.
What differentiates nitroglycerin from other drugs in terms of mechanism of action and side effects?
Nitroglycerin dilates blood vessels and may lead to orthostatic hypotension.
What is the primary difference between thiazide and loop diuretics?
Thiazide diuretics mainly act on the loop of Henle, while loop diuretics mainly act on the distal convoluted tubule.
What should a nurse assess prior to administering a calcium channel blocker?
Blood pressure and heart rate
Which lifestyle risk factor for hypertension can be addressed by encouraging patients to limit alcohol intake?
Increasing physical activity
In what way do ACE inhibitors differ from ARBs in their mechanism of action?
ACE inhibitors interfere with the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, while ARBs block the angiotensin II receptor.
What is a characteristic difference between dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
Dihydropyridines are less likely to cause reflex tachycardia than non-dihydropyridines.
Which statement accurately describes the primary therapeutic use of vasodilators?
Vasodilators are indicated for hypertensive emergencies to rapidly reduce blood pressure.
What is an effect of vasodilators that sets them apart from beta-blockers as antihypertensive agents?
Vasodilators primarily reduce heart rate, while beta-blockers have a stronger impact on blood vessels.
Prepare for your cardiovascular exam with this study guide covering diuretics medications, their similarities, differences, mechanisms, effectiveness, adverse effects, therapeutic uses, and assessment prior to administration.
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