Cardiovascular Drugs: RAAS, Beta Blockers & Calcium

Cardiovascular Drugs

• This category includes drugs for treating conditions related to the heart and blood vessels

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

• Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) is a drug in this category
• Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (Prinzide, Zestoretic) is a combination drug in this category
• Enalapril (Vasotec) is another drug in this category
• Ramipril (Altace) is also included in this category
• Losartan (Cozaar) is a RAAS drug
• Olmesartan (Benicar) functions within the RAAS system
• Valsartan (Diovan) is a drug affecting the RAAS

Beta Blockers

• Atenolol (Tenormin) falls under this category
• Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) is a beta blocker
• Metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL) is an extended-release form of metoprolol
• Nebivolol (Bystolic) is also a beta blocker
• Propranolol (Inderal) belongs to this category
• Carvedilol (Coreg) is a beta-blocker

Calcium Channel Blockers

• Nifedipine XL (Procardia XL) is included
• Amlodipine (Norvasc) is in this category
• Amlodipine/benazepril (Lotrel) combines a calcium channel blocker with an ACE inhibitor
• Diltiazem (Cardizem CD, more) is a calcium channel blocker

Diuretics

• Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) is commonly used
• Metolazone (Zaroxolyn) is a diuretic
• Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic
• Torsemide (Demadex) is another diuretic option
• Bumetanide (Bumex) is also in this drug class
• Spironolactone (Aldactone) is a potassium-sparing diuretic

Statins

• Pravastatin (Pravachol) is a statin medication
• Simvastatin (Zocor) is another statin
• Simvastatin/ezetimibe (Vytorin) combines a statin with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor
• Atorvastatin (Lipitor) is a high-potency statin
• Rosuvastatin (Crestor) is another potent statin

Other Agents for Dyslipidemias

• Fenofibrate (Tricor) is a fibrate medication
• Gemfibrozil (Lopid) is another fibrate
• Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters (Lovaza) are used to lower triglycerides
• Niacin (Niaspan) can improve cholesterol levels
• Ezetimibe (Zetia) inhibits cholesterol absorption
• Colesevelam (Welchol) is a bile acid sequestrant

Antiplatelets

• Aspirin is a common antiplatelet agent
• Aspirin/Dipyridamole (Aggrenox) combines aspirin with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor
• Clopidogrel (Plavix) is a commonly prescribed antiplatelet drug
• Prasugrel (Effient) is also an antiplatelet medication
• Ticagrelor (Brilinta) is an antiplatelet drug

Traditional Anticoagulants

• Warfarin (Coumadin) is a vitamin K antagonist
• Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is a low molecular weight heparin

Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs)

• Dabigatran (Pradaxa) is a direct thrombin inhibitor
• Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) is a factor Xa inhibitor
• Apixaban (Eliquis) is also a factor Xa inhibitor

Antianginals

• Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) is used to treat angina
• Isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) is a long-acting nitrate
• Ranolazine (Ranexa) is used for chronic angina

Other Cardiovascular Agents

• Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone) is an antiarrhythmic drug
• Digoxin (Lanoxin) is used to treat heart failure and certain arrhythmias

Respiratory Drugs

• Used for treating respiratory-related issues

Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting Beta Agonists

• Fluticasone (Flovent) is an inhaled corticosteroid
• Budesonide (Pulmicort) is another inhaled corticosteroid
• Salmeterol (Serevent) is a long-acting beta agonist
• Formoterol (Foradil) is another long-acting beta agonist
• Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair) combines a corticosteroid and a long-acting beta agonist
• Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort) is a combination inhaler

Short-Acting Beta Agonists and Anticholinergics

• Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil) is a short-acting beta agonist
• Levalbuterol (Xopenex) is another short-acting beta agonist
• Ipratropium (Atrovent) is an anticholinergic bronchodilator
• Tiotropium (Spiriva) is a long-acting anticholinergic
• Albuterol/Ipratropium (Combivent, DuoNeb) combines a beta agonist and an anticholinergic

Other Respiratory Agents

• Montelukast (Singulair) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist

Gastrointestinal Drugs

• Treats gastrointestinal-related issues

Proton Pump Inhibitors

• Omeprazole (Prilosec) reduces stomach acid production
• Esomeprazole (Nexium) is another PPI
• Pantoprazole (Protonix) falls under PPIs
• Lansoprazole (Prevacid) also inhibits gastric acid secretion
• Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant) is a PPI

Histamine (H2) Receptor Blockers

• Famotidine (Pepcid) reduces stomach acid
• Ranitidine (Zantac) is an H2 blocker

Laxatives

• Senna (Senokot) stimulates bowel movements
• Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) promotes bowel activity
• Docusate (Colace) is a stool softener
• Senna/docusate (Senokot-S) is a combination laxative
• PEG 3350 (MiraLAX) is an osmotic laxative
• PEG 3350 with electrolytes (GOLYTELY) is used for bowel preparation

Diarrhea and Ulcerative Colitis

• Dicyclomine (Bentyl) is an antispasmodic
• Loperamide (Imodium) is an anti-diarrheal
• Diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil) is used to manage diarrhea
• Mesalamine (Asacol-HD, Delzicol, and more) treats ulcerative colitis

Nausea

• Ondansetron (Zofran) is an antiemetic
• Prochlorperazine (Compazine) relieves nausea and vomiting issues
• Promethazine (Phenergan) is an antihistamine with antiemetic properties
• Metoclopramide (Reglan) can help with nausea and improve gastric emptying

Renal Drugs

• Managing kidney-related complications

Renal Medications

• Cinacalcet (Sensipar) is a calcimimetic
• Sevelamer carbonate (Renvela) is a phosphate binder
• Potassium chloride (Klor-Con and more) is used to supplement potassium

Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs)

• Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) stimulates red blood cell production
• Darbepoetin (Aranesp) is a long-acting ESA

Neurologic Drugs

• Used to manage diseases of the nervous system

Headache

• Sumatriptan (Imitrex) treats migraine headaches
• Eletriptan (Relpax) is a triptan medication
• Rizatriptan (Maxalt) is another triptan for migraines
• Butalbital, acetaminophen, caffeine (Fioricet) is a combination analgesic
• Butalbital, aspirin, caffeine (Fiorinal) is another combination medication

Epilepsy

• Phenytoin (Dilantin) is an anticonvulsant
• Valproic acid (Depakote, Depakene) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer
• Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is used for epilepsy and bipolar disorder
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol) is an anticonvulsant
• Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) is an antiepileptic drug
• Levetiracetam (Keppra) is also used to prevent seizures

Opioid Analgesics

• Morphine (MS Contin [ER], more) is an opioid pain reliever
• Hydromorphone (Dilaudid [IR]) is a strong opioid analgesic
• Oxycodone (Oxycontin [ER]) is another opioid pain medication
• Oxycodone/APAP (Percocet, Roxicet, more) combines oxycodone with acetaminophen
• Fentanyl (Duragesic, more) is a potent opioid analgesic
• Hydrocodone/APAP (Vicodin, Norco, more) combines hydrocodone with acetaminophen
• Buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) treats opioid dependence
• Codeine/APAP (Tylenol #3, Tylenol #4) combines codeine with acetaminophen
• Tramadol (Ultram) is an atypical opioid analgesic

Adjunct Medications for Pain

• Gabapentin (Neurontin) is used for nerve pain and seizures
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) also treats nerve pain
• Lidocaine patch (Lidoderm) provides topical pain relief

Alzheimer's Disease

• Donepezil (Aricept) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
• Memantine (Namenda XR) is an NMDA receptor antagonist

Smoking Cessation

• Nicotine Patch (Nicoderm CQ) provides nicotine replacement
• Varenicline (Chantix) helps reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms

Psychiatric Drugs

• Used to manage mental health conditions

Atypical Antipsychotics

• Olanzapine (Zyprexa) treats psychotic disorders
• Quetiapine (Seroquel) is an atypical antipsychotic
• Risperidone (Risperdal) is also an atypical antipsychotic
• Ziprasidone (Geodon) manages schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
• Aripiprazole (Abilify) is an antipsychotic agent

Benzodiazepines

• Clonazepam (Klonopin) is used for anxiety and seizures
• Lorazepam (Ativan) is also an anti-anxiety drug
• Diazepam (Valium) is used for anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures
• Alprazolam (Xanax) treats anxiety and panic disorders

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

• Fluoxetine (Prozac) is an antidepressant
• Sertraline (Zoloft) is an antidepressant
• Paroxetine (Paxil) treats depression and anxiety
• Citalopram (Celexa) is an antidepressant
• Escitalopram (Lexapro) is an antidepressant

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

• Venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) is an antidepressant
• Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) is an antidepressant
• Duloxetine (Cymbalta) is also an antidepressant

Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotics

• Zolpidem (Ambien) is used for insomnia
• Eszopiclone (Lunesta) is a sedative-hypnotic

Other Antidepressants and Anti-Anxiety Agents

• Amitriptyline (Elavil) is a tricyclic antidepressant
• Nortriptyline (Pamelor) is a tricyclic antidepressant
• Trazodone (Desyrel) is an antidepressant
• Mirtazapine (Remeron) is an antidepressant
• Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is an antidepressant

Stimulants and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Agents

• Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, more) treats ADHD
• Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall) is a stimulant
• Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) treats ADHD
• Atomoxetine (Strattera) is a non-stimulant ADHD medication
• Modafinil (Provigil) promotes wakefulness

Endocrinology Drugs

• Manages diseases of the endocrine system

Oral Diabetic Agents – I

• Metformin (Glucophage) is used for type 2 diabetes
• Sitagliptin (Januvia) is a DPP-4 inhibitor
• Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase) is a sulfonylurea
• Glimepiride (Amaryl) is a sulfonylurea
• Glipizide (Glucotrol) is a sulfonylurea
• Glyburide/metformin (Glucovance) combines a sulfonylurea with metformin
• Sitagliptin/metformin (Janumet) combines a DPP-4 inhibitor with metformin

Oral Diabetic Agents – II

• Rosiglitazone (Avandia) is a thiazolidinedione

Injectable Diabetic Agents

• Insulin aspart (NovoLOG) is a rapid-acting insulin
• Insulin lispro (HumaLOG) is a rapid-acting insulin
• Insulin NPH (HumuLIN N, NovoLIN N) is an intermediate-acting insulin
• Insulin glargine (Lantus) is a long-acting insulin
• Insulin detemir (Levemir) is a long-acting insulin
• Exenatide (Byetta) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist

Contraceptives

• Norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol (Sprintec, Ortho Tri-Cyclen, TriNessa, many more) is a combined oral contraceptive
• Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol (Yaz, Yasmin, many more) is a combined oral contraceptive
• Norethindrone (Micronor, many more) is a progestin-only pill
• Norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol (Ortho Evra) is a contraceptive patch
• Etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol (NuvaRing) is a vaginal ring

Corticosteroids

• Prednisone (Deltasone) is a systemic corticosteroid
• Methylprednisolone (Medrol) is a corticosteroid

Urologic Drugs

• Manages diseases of the urinary system

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy – Alpha Blockers

• Terazosin (Hytrin) treats BPH
• Doxazosin (Cardura) treats BPH
• Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) treats BPH
• Tamsulosin (Flomax) treats BPH

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy – 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors

• Dutasteride (Avodart) treats BPH
• Finasteride (Proscar, Propecia) treats BPH

Erectile Dysfunction

• Sildenafil (Viagra) treats erectile dysfunction
• Vardenafil (Levitra) treats erectile dysfunction
• Tadalafil (Cialis) treats erectile dysfunction

Overactive Bladder

• Tolterodine (Detrol) treats overactive bladder
• Solifenacin (VESIcare) treats overactive bladder
• Darifenacin (Enablex) treats overactive bladder

Rheumatologic Drugs

• Used to treat diseases of the joints

Osteoporosis

• Risedronate (Actonel) treats osteoporosis
• Alendronate (Fosamax) treats osteoporosis
• Ibandronate (Boniva) treats osteoporosis
• Raloxifene (Evista) treats osteoporosis

Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Infliximab (Remicade) treats rheumatoid arthritis
• Adalimumab (Humira) treats rheumatoid arthritis
• Etanercept (Enbrel) treats rheumatoid arthritis
• Methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall) treats rheumatoid arthritis
• Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) treats rheumatoid arthritis

Gout

• Allopurinol (Zyloprim) prevents gout attacks
• Colchicine (Colcrys) treats gout attacks

Ophthalmic and Otolaryngological Drugs

• Treats eye and ENT-related issues

Allergies

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine
• Loratadine (Claritin) is an antihistamine
• Desloratadine (Clarinex) is an antihistamine
• Fexofenadine (Allegra) is an antihistamine
• Olopatadine (Patanase, Patanol, Pataday) is an antihistamine eye drop
• Azelastine (Astelin, Astepro, Optivar) is an antihistamine nasal spray
• Epinephrine (EpiPen) treats severe allergic reactions

Nasal Corticosteroids

• Mometasone (Nasonex) treats nasal inflammation
• Fluticasone (Flonase) treats nasal inflammation

Cough and Cold

• Hydrocodone/chlorpheniramine (Tussionex Pennkinetic) is a cough suppressant and antihistamine
• Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) is a cough suppressant
• Guaifenesin (Mucinex, more) is an expectorant
• Dextromethorphan (Robitussin, more) is a cough suppressant
• Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, more) is a decongestant

Glaucoma

• Timolol (Timoptic) treats glaucoma by reducing eye liquid
• Brimonidine (Alphagan P) reduces eye pressure by limiting production and increasing drainage
• Brimonidine/timolol (Combigan) is a combination drop
• Dorzolamide (Trusopt) treats glaucoma by reducing the production of eye liquid
• Bimatoprost (Lumigan) reduces eye pressure by increasing drainage
• Latanoprost (Xalatan) treats glaucoma
• Travoprost (Travatan Z) treats glaucoma

Other Ophthalmic Agents

• Cyclosporine [ophthalmic] (Restasis) treats dry eyes

Dermatologic Drugs

• Used for skin related conditions

Acne Vulgaris

• Adapalene (Differin) treats acne
• Isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Claravis, Absorica, Accutane) treats severe acne

Infectious Disease Drugs

• Target for treating infectious diseases

Antibiotics – Beta-Lactams

• Amoxicillin (Amoxil) is an antibiotic
• Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) is a combination antibiotic
• Cephalexin (Keflex) is a cephalosporin antibiotic
• Cefuroxime (Ceftin) is a cephalosporin antibiotic
• Cefdinir (Omnicef) is a cephalosporin antibiotic

Antibiotics – Fluoroquinolones

• Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic
• Levofloxacin (Levaquin) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic
• Moxifloxacin (Avelox) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic

Antibiotics – Macrolides

• Clarithromycin (Biaxin) is a macrolide antibiotic
• Azithromycin (Zithromax, Z-Pak)is a macrolide antibiotic

Antibiotics – Other Agents I

• Clindamycin (Cleocin) is an antibiotic
• Doxycycline (Vibramycin, more) is a tetracycline antibiotic
• Linezolid (Zyvox) is an oxazolidinone antibiotic

Antibiotics – Other Agents II

• Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin) treats urinary tract infections
• Metronidazole (Flagyl) is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal
• Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) is a sulfa antibiotic

Triazole Antifungals

• Fluconazole (Diflucan) is an antifungal
• Itraconazole (Sporanox) is an antifungal

Antivirals – Influenza and Herpes Simplex

• Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) treats influenza
• Acyclovir (Zovirax) treats herpes simplex virus infections
• Valacyclovir (Valtrex) treats herpes simplex virus infections

Antivirals – Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• Emtricitabine; tenofovir (Truvada) is used to treat HIV
• Emtricitabine; tenofovir; efavirenz (Atripla) is used to treat HIV
• Emtricitabine; tenofovir; rilpivirine (Complera) manages and treats HIV
• Emtricitabine; tenofovir; elvitegravir; cobicistat (Stribild) is another combination HIV medication