Podcast
Questions and Answers
A patient with a history of angina reports experiencing chest pain while resting. The pain is not relieved by nitroglycerin, which previously was effective. Which type of angina is the patient most likely experiencing?
A patient with a history of angina reports experiencing chest pain while resting. The pain is not relieved by nitroglycerin, which previously was effective. Which type of angina is the patient most likely experiencing?
- Unstable angina (correct)
- Microvascular angina
- Stable angina
- Variant angina (Prinzmetal's angina)
Which laboratory test is most useful in distinguishing between unstable angina and myocardial infarction (MI)?
Which laboratory test is most useful in distinguishing between unstable angina and myocardial infarction (MI)?
- Cardiac troponins (correct)
- Basic metabolic panel (BMP)
- Serum electrolytes
- Complete blood count (CBC)
A patient is diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. Which assessment finding is most indicative of this condition?
A patient is diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. Which assessment finding is most indicative of this condition?
- Peripheral edema
- Jugular vein distention
- Crackles in the lungs (correct)
- Hepatomegaly
A patient is in ventricular fibrillation (VF). What is the priority nursing intervention?
A patient is in ventricular fibrillation (VF). What is the priority nursing intervention?
Which factor is most likely to trigger an angina episode in a patient with stable angina?
Which factor is most likely to trigger an angina episode in a patient with stable angina?
Flashcards
MI/Angina Lab Tests
MI/Angina Lab Tests
ECG, troponin levels, CK-MB, and myoglobin are key diagnostic lab tests.
Left-Sided HF Signs
Left-Sided HF Signs
Dyspnea, cough, orthopnea, and pulmonary edema are main signs.
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
A chaotic, irregular rhythm due to multiple atrial firings.
MI Nursing Actions
MI Nursing Actions
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Raynaud’s Risk Factors
Raynaud’s Risk Factors
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Study Notes
- Diagnostic lab tests for angina and myocardial infarction (MI) include:
- Cardiac enzymes (troponin, creatine kinase-MB)
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Lipid profile
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Electrolytes
- Coagulation studies
Left-Sided Heart Failure Manifestations
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Orthopnea (difficulty breathing while lying down)
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (sudden shortness of breath at night)
- Crackles (rales) in the lungs
- Cough
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- S3 heart sound
- Pulmonary edema
- Reduced ejection fraction
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) Rhythm
- Irregularly irregular
Priority Nursing Interventions for Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Administer oxygen
- Administer medications as prescribed (e.g., aspirin, nitroglycerin, morphine)
- Obtain vital signs
- Establish IV access
- Obtain ECG
- Monitor cardiac rhythm
- Provide emotional support
- Prepare for potential interventions (e.g., PCI, thrombolytic therapy)
Angina Triggers
- Physical exertion
- Emotional stress
- Exposure to cold
- Heavy meals
- Smoking
Stable Angina
- Chest pain that occurs with predictable exertion or stress and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
Unstable Angina
- Chest pain that occurs at rest or with increasing frequency, severity, or duration; not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin; a medical emergency
Risk Factors for Raynaud's Disease
- Female gender
- Family history
- Exposure to cold
- Emotional stress
- Smoking
- Certain medications
- Connective tissue diseases (e.g., scleroderma, lupus)
Priority Nursing Interventions for Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib)
- Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
- Defibrillate
- Administer medications as prescribed (e.g., epinephrine, amiodarone)
- Maintain airway
- Provide oxygen
- Identify and treat underlying cause
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Description
Overview of diagnostic tests for angina and myocardial infarction (MI). Key manifestations of left-sided heart failure, characteristics of atrial fibrillation (AFib), and priority nursing interventions for MI are covered.
