40 Questions
Which chamber of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the entire body (except the lungs)?
Right atrium
Which ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery?
Right ventricle
Which atrium collects oxygenated blood from the capillary beds of the lungs through the pulmonary veins?
Left atrium
Which ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the systemic circulation?
Left ventricle
In right-sided heart failure, what is the result of the right ventricle being unable to pump blood into the pulmonary artery?
Increased pressure in the right atrium and the systemic venous system
In left-sided heart failure, what is the result of blood being backed into the left atrium and the pulmonary veins?
Increased lung congestion
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Which type of blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?
Veins
Which type of heart defect is genetic and present at birth?
Congenital Heart Defects
What is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children?
Kawasaki Disease
Which heart defect is characterized by increased pulmonary blood flow and left-to-right shunt?
Atrial Septal Defect
Which heart defect is characterized by decreased pulmonary blood flow?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Which heart disorder is caused by an inflammatory reaction to a Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection?
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Which heart disorder is characterized by a multisystem disease that affects the cardiovascular system and can lead to a coronary artery aneurysm?
Kawasaki Disease
Which type of heart defect is characterized by an obstruction to blood flow?
Obstructive Disorders
What is the main difference between Rheumatic Heart Disease and Kawasaki Disease?
Rheumatic Heart Disease affects the heart valves, while Kawasaki Disease affects the coronary arteries.
What is a hallmark sign of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children?
Difference in blood pressure between upper and lower extremities
Which of the following is a common sign of congestive heart failure (CHF) in children with PDA?
Failure to thrive (FTT)
Why is it important to monitor feeding tolerance and offer small, frequent feedings in infants and small children with PDA?
To accommodate the increased work of breathing and energy demands
Which of the following is a reason for monitoring urinary output in children with PDA?
To assess for fluid overload
Why is it important to avoid clustering care in children with PDA?
To prevent fatigue and respiratory distress
What is the reason for monitoring thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) in children with PDA?
Increased risk of thrombosis due to the shunt
Which of the following is a common sign of PDA in infants?
Poor feeding and failure to thrive
Why are children with PDA at increased risk for bacterial endocarditis?
The shunt creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth
What is the main cause of asthma according to the text?
Genetic and environmental factors
Which of the following is NOT listed as a trigger for asthma in the text?
High humidity
What is the pathophysiology of asthma described in the text?
Chronic inflammatory disorder
What is used to measure the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second as mentioned in the text?
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Which type of medication is specifically mentioned as an anti-inflammatory agent for asthma in the text?
Corticosteroids
What is a common symptom of asthma according to the text?
Shortness of breath
Which diagnostic test exposes patients to methacholine, cold air, or histamine?
Bronchoprovocation testing
What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?
Bacterial infection
Which position does a child with epiglottitis typically assume to maximize their airway?
Sitting up and forward with lower jaw thrust forward
What do ABGs reveal in patients with asthma according to the text?
Hypoxemia and hypercapnia
What type of agonist is used as a bronchodilator in asthma treatment?
Short-acting agonist
What is a key contraindication when suspecting epiglottitis during diagnosis?
Visual inspection of the mouth and throat
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with epiglottitis?
Dyspnea
Why should inspection of the oropharynx be avoided in suspected cases of epiglottitis?
To prevent bronchospasm and airway occlusion
What is the recommended precaution for isolation when dealing with a patient having epiglottitis?
Droplet precautions
What is crucial to have available when managing a patient with suspected epiglottitis?
Resuscitation equipment
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system in children, focusing on heart anatomy and physiology. Learn about the pathways of blood circulation from the right atrium to the left ventricle, and understand the role of oxygenation, circulation, and perfusion in maintaining health. This quiz covers key concepts from page 251 of the textbook.
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