Cardiovascular Disorders: Heart Anatomy and Physiology in Children
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Questions and Answers

Which chamber of the heart collects deoxygenated blood from the entire body (except the lungs)?

  • Left ventricle
  • Right ventricle
  • Right atrium (correct)
  • Left atrium

Which ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery?

  • Right ventricle (correct)
  • Both ventricles
  • Neither ventricle
  • Left ventricle

Which atrium collects oxygenated blood from the capillary beds of the lungs through the pulmonary veins?

  • Both atria
  • Left atrium (correct)
  • Neither atrium
  • Right atrium

Which ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through the aorta to the systemic circulation?

<p>Left ventricle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In right-sided heart failure, what is the result of the right ventricle being unable to pump blood into the pulmonary artery?

<p>Increased pressure in the right atrium and the systemic venous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In left-sided heart failure, what is the result of blood being backed into the left atrium and the pulmonary veins?

<p>Increased lung congestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

<p>Arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?

<p>Veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart defect is genetic and present at birth?

<p>Congenital Heart Defects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children?

<p>Kawasaki Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heart defect is characterized by increased pulmonary blood flow and left-to-right shunt?

<p>Atrial Septal Defect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heart defect is characterized by decreased pulmonary blood flow?

<p>Tetralogy of Fallot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heart disorder is caused by an inflammatory reaction to a Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection?

<p>Rheumatic Heart Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which heart disorder is characterized by a multisystem disease that affects the cardiovascular system and can lead to a coronary artery aneurysm?

<p>Kawasaki Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart defect is characterized by an obstruction to blood flow?

<p>Obstructive Disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Rheumatic Heart Disease and Kawasaki Disease?

<p>Rheumatic Heart Disease affects the heart valves, while Kawasaki Disease affects the coronary arteries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark sign of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children?

<p>Difference in blood pressure between upper and lower extremities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common sign of congestive heart failure (CHF) in children with PDA?

<p>Failure to thrive (FTT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor feeding tolerance and offer small, frequent feedings in infants and small children with PDA?

<p>To accommodate the increased work of breathing and energy demands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for monitoring urinary output in children with PDA?

<p>To assess for fluid overload (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid clustering care in children with PDA?

<p>To prevent fatigue and respiratory distress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for monitoring thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) in children with PDA?

<p>Increased risk of thrombosis due to the shunt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common sign of PDA in infants?

<p>Poor feeding and failure to thrive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are children with PDA at increased risk for bacterial endocarditis?

<p>The shunt creates a favorable environment for bacterial growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of asthma according to the text?

<p>Genetic and environmental factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a trigger for asthma in the text?

<p>High humidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathophysiology of asthma described in the text?

<p>Chronic inflammatory disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to measure the amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in 1 second as mentioned in the text?

<p>Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication is specifically mentioned as an anti-inflammatory agent for asthma in the text?

<p>Corticosteroids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of asthma according to the text?

<p><strong>Shortness of breath</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test exposes patients to methacholine, cold air, or histamine?

<p><strong>Bronchoprovocation testing</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

<p>Bacterial infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which position does a child with epiglottitis typically assume to maximize their airway?

<p>Sitting up and forward with lower jaw thrust forward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ABGs reveal in patients with asthma according to the text?

<p><strong>Hypoxemia and hypercapnia</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agonist is used as a bronchodilator in asthma treatment?

<p><strong>Short-acting agonist</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key contraindication when suspecting epiglottitis during diagnosis?

<p>Visual inspection of the mouth and throat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with epiglottitis?

<p>Dyspnea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should inspection of the oropharynx be avoided in suspected cases of epiglottitis?

<p>To prevent bronchospasm and airway occlusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended precaution for isolation when dealing with a patient having epiglottitis?

<p>Droplet precautions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial to have available when managing a patient with suspected epiglottitis?

<p>Resuscitation equipment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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