Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor has contributed to the significant decrease in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates in Canada?
Which factor has contributed to the significant decrease in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates in Canada?
- Improvements in the treatment and diagnosis of hypertension and dyslipidemia. (correct)
- Increased rates of smoking among younger adults.
- Increased consumption of processed foods and sugary beverages.
- Decline in access to preventative medical care in rural communities.
How are mortality rates related to CVD collected in Canada?
How are mortality rates related to CVD collected in Canada?
- Via annual census data collected by the federal government.
- Collected by provincial registries and sent to Statistics Canada. (correct)
- By direct data extraction from hospital billing records.
- Through patient self-reporting and voluntary surveys.
Which statement accurately reflects the trend of CVD as a leading cause of death in Canada?
Which statement accurately reflects the trend of CVD as a leading cause of death in Canada?
- CVD and infectious diseases are now equally contributing to mortality rates.
- CVD is now the second most common cause of death, behind respiratory diseases.
- CVD remains the leading cause of mortality, with rates steadily increasing since 2000.
- CVD is no longer the leading cause of death in Canada due to advancements in treatment and prevention. (correct)
What is a primary reason for caution when interpreting the decreased CVD mortality rates in Canada, despite positive trends?
What is a primary reason for caution when interpreting the decreased CVD mortality rates in Canada, despite positive trends?
How are hospitalizations attributable to CVD in Canada reported?
How are hospitalizations attributable to CVD in Canada reported?
In the context of CVD's economic impact, what do 'direct costs' primarily refer to?
In the context of CVD's economic impact, what do 'direct costs' primarily refer to?
An increase in which of the following would most likely lead to a rise in indirect costs associated with cardiovascular disease?
An increase in which of the following would most likely lead to a rise in indirect costs associated with cardiovascular disease?
What was the approximate percentage of total cost of illness in Canada attributed to CVD in 1998?
What was the approximate percentage of total cost of illness in Canada attributed to CVD in 1998?
Flashcards
Burden of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Burden of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
Refers to the impact of cardiovascular disease on mortality, morbidity, and economic costs.
Mortality rates
Mortality rates
Statistics that show the number of deaths due to CVD per population segment.
Hospitalization rates
Hospitalization rates
Rates that indicate how often patients are admitted due to CVD-related issues.
Economic burden of CVD
Economic burden of CVD
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Direct costs
Direct costs
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Indirect costs
Indirect costs
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CVD trend in mortality
CVD trend in mortality
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Factors lowering CVD deaths
Factors lowering CVD deaths
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Study Notes
Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Canada
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant health concern in Canada, impacting mortality, morbidity, and the economy.
- Objectives include reviewing the burden of CVD in Canada, discussing mortality and morbidity rates, and examining the economic cost of CVD.
Data Collection Methods
- Information on CVD burden comes from mortality rates and hospital data.
- Provincial registries collect mortality data and send it to Statistics Canada.
- Hospitalizations (CVD morbidity) are reported based on discharge diagnoses and procedures performed during hospitalization.
Burden of CVD in Canada
- Key aspects of the burden include deaths attributable to CVD, hospitalizations attributable to CVD, and the economic burden of CVD.
Deaths Attributable to CVD
- 2004: Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death, accounting for 32.1% of deaths. Other notable causes include cancer (29.5%), unintentional injury (4.0%), respiratory diseases and infections (8.7%), and diabetes (3.5%).
- 2018: Cardiovascular disease mortality rates have dropped considerably, making it no longer the leading cause of death. (This reflects a downward trend in overall mortality from CVD; specific percentages of other causes of death are shown in a pie chart, e.g., heart disease, cancer, etc.).
- 2022: Approximately 197 out of 100,000 Canadians died from CVD. This further shows decreasing rates of CVD-related deaths over time.
Lower Death Rates in Canada: Contributing Factors
- Decreased mortality rates from CVD are attributed to improvements in various areas:
- Preventative programs: Efforts to prevent CVD have improved.
- Social and environmental factors: Access to physical activity, healthy foods contributes, and overall improvements in lifestyle.
- Medical care: Enhanced treatment and diagnostic capabilities for conditions like hypertension (HTN) and dyslipidemia.
- Programs and initiatives: Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP) and primary/secondary prevention programs.
- Medication use: Increased use of medication for conditions like heart attacks (MI), blood pressure management (BB, ACE inhibitors), and cholesterol control (statins).
- Reduced smoking: Lower rates of smoking are associated with decreased CVD mortality.
- Despite these improvements, factors like an aging population, poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, and obesity must be considered in the overall picture of CVD-related causes and rates of deaths.
Hospitalizations Attributable to CVD
- CVD is the leading cause of hospitalizations in Canada.
- Charts illustrate the percentage of hospitalizations attributed to different conditions, including heart conditions, COPD and bronchitis, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and more.
Economic Burden of CVD
- CVD is the most expensive disease in Canada.
- 1998: CVD cost $18.5 billion (12% of total cost of illness in Canada).
- 2004: CVD cost $21.2 billion which is an increase over time.
- Direct costs for health care, treatment, surgeries and drugs are reported along with indirect costs of lost productivity.
- Indirect costs are related to lost productivity due to short and long-term disability and premature mortality.
- Detailed values of spending are presented.
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Description
This lesson reviews the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Canada, including mortality and morbidity rates. It examines how data is collected through provincial registries and hospital reports. The content also highlights the economic impact and deaths attributable to CVD.