Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiac Function Tests

Deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin in the inner lining of the artery.

Reduction of the heart’s blood and oxygen supply.

The blood supply to the heart is disrupted, causing damage to the heart.

<p>Blood accumulating in the vessels of the legs, ankles, or lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arrhythmia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coronary thrombosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rheumatic fever, pneumonia, or other cardiovascular problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradycardia is an abnormally slow heart beat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrillation is a sporadic, quivering pattern of the heart beat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congenital heart disease is a heart defect present at birth, affecting 1 out of 125 children born.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rheumatic heart disease results from rheumatic fever, which affects connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, palpitations, chest discomfort and/or pain, chest heaviness, nausea, vomiting, and pain that radiates to the jaw, arm, or throat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipid profile includes the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic ratio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDL cholesterol carries cholesterol from the liver to the blood and then to organs, and high levels are associated with atherosclerosis, heart disease, and myocardial infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It catalyses the conversion of creatin to phosphocreatine, degrading ATP to ADP, serving as an energy reservoir for the rapid regeneration of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CK-MB starts to increase 4 hours after an acute myocardial infarction, reaches maximum peak within 12-24 hours, and returns to normal after 2-3 days of onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDH is a non-specific marker due to its widespread distribution in various tissues, including liver, cardiac muscle, kidney, skeletal muscle, and erythrocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac troponin T and I are more specific markers for myocardial infarction compared to other cardiac enzymes, such as CK and LDH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac biomarkers, such as CK, LDH, and troponin, are released into the bloodstream in response to myocardial damage, serving as sensitive and specific indicators of myocardial infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conventional ECG changes may not always be present in patients with myocardial infarction, whereas troponin levels are more sensitive and specific indicators of myocardial damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myoglobin is a cardiac protein that can be used as a biomarker for myocardial infarction, although it is less specific than cardiac troponin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac enzymes, such as CK and LDH, are released into the bloodstream in response to myocardial damage, serving as biomarkers for diagnosing myocardial infarction.</p> Signup and view all the answers