Cardiotoxic Mechanisms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Why is the liver susceptible to injury?

  • The liver has low levels of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.
  • Most reactions in the liver are detoxification reactions, preventing damage.
  • The liver is rich in metabolizing enzymes, which can produce damaging reactive metabolites. (correct)
  • The liver is the last organ perfused by chemicals after absorption.

    • What determines the types of liver injury?

  • Toxic agent only
  • Severity of intoxication only
  • Type of exposure only
  • Toxic agent, severity of intoxication, and type of exposure (correct)

    • How do organs differ in their response to toxicants?

  • All organs are equally affected by toxicants.
  • Toxicants affect all organs the same way due to lipid content.
  • Organs differ in cell structures, chemical features, and toxicant effects. (correct)
  • Organs have similar cell structures and features.

    • What is target organ toxicity in toxicology?

    <p>It refers to the effects manifested in a specific organ due to toxicant exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of cadmium toxicity described in the text?

    <p>Renal necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do aminoglycosides like streptomycin and gentamycin cause tissue necrosis in the kidneys?

    <p>By binding to anionic membrane phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does amphotericin B use to induce kidney damage?

    <p>Binding to membrane phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cardiotoxicity impact cardiac muscle function?

    <p>By permanently impairing muscle function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of cardiotoxicity involves interference with the membrane control of ionic movement?

    <p>Alteration of aerobic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxicant is known for causing hyperkalemia and subsequent arrhythmias due to increased automaticity?

    <p>Nitrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic effect of toxicants that cause direct damage to the myocardium?

    <p>Formation of oxidative free radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxicant is associated with myocardial necrosis due to interference with oxygen availability?

    <p>Nitrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Trastuzumab in the heart?

    <p>Blocking neuralgin-1 dependent signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of HER-2 receptors in the heart under stress conditions?

    <p>Protective mechanim triggered by neuralgin-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do toxicants cause demyelination in neurons?

    <p>By damaging Schwann cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does myelin play in nerve signals?

    <p>Acting as an electrical insulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

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