16 Questions
Why is the liver susceptible to injury?
The liver is rich in metabolizing enzymes, which can produce damaging reactive metabolites.
What determines the types of liver injury?
Toxic agent, severity of intoxication, and type of exposure
How do organs differ in their response to toxicants?
Organs differ in cell structures, chemical features, and toxicant effects.
What is target organ toxicity in toxicology?
It refers to the effects manifested in a specific organ due to toxicant exposure.
What is a characteristic symptom of cadmium toxicity described in the text?
Renal necrosis
How do aminoglycosides like streptomycin and gentamycin cause tissue necrosis in the kidneys?
By binding to anionic membrane phospholipids
What mechanism does amphotericin B use to induce kidney damage?
Binding to membrane phospholipids
How does cardiotoxicity impact cardiac muscle function?
By permanently impairing muscle function
Which mechanism of cardiotoxicity involves interference with the membrane control of ionic movement?
Alteration of aerobic metabolism
Which toxicant is known for causing hyperkalemia and subsequent arrhythmias due to increased automaticity?
Nitrite
What is a characteristic effect of toxicants that cause direct damage to the myocardium?
Formation of oxidative free radicals
Which toxicant is associated with myocardial necrosis due to interference with oxygen availability?
Nitrite
What is the mechanism of action of Trastuzumab in the heart?
Blocking neuralgin-1 dependent signaling
What is the role of HER-2 receptors in the heart under stress conditions?
Protective mechanim triggered by neuralgin-1
How do toxicants cause demyelination in neurons?
By damaging Schwann cells
What role does myelin play in nerve signals?
Acting as an electrical insulator
Test your knowledge on the different mechanisms of cardiotoxicity including alteration of aerobic metabolism, alteration of myocardial conduction, and direct damage to myocardium. Learn about how toxicants can affect the heart and lead to myocardial necrosis.
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