Cardiorespiratory Pharmacology Review

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What is the main cause of hyperglycemia in NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)?

Insufficient insulin production from pancreatic cells

Loss of normal tissue sensitivity to insulin (correct)

Excessive glucagon secretion from the pancreas

Autoimmunity against pancreatic cells

Which type of diabetes is typically managed with oral hypoglycemic drugs?

Neither IDDM nor NIDDM

Both IDDM and NIDDM

NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) (correct)

IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)

What is the primary function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

Assist the body to remove salt and water, reducing swelling (correct)

Reduce blood pressure by blocking the renin-angiotensin system

Inhibit calcium entry into heart muscle cells to prevent arrhythmias

Dilate blood vessels to improve blood flow

Which antibiotic class is typically more effective against gram-positive bacteria?

Penicillins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

Inhibition of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between IDDM and NIDDM?

IDDM is caused by autoimmunity, while NIDDM is caused by insulin resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of nitrates in the management of cardiovascular disease?

Dilate blood vessels to improve blood flow and reduce angina Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sedatives in the hospital setting?

To induce sleep and reduce anxiety in patients Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anesthetic is most suitable for major abdominal and thoracic surgery?

General anesthetic Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for patients being prescribed anticoagulants?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of analgesics?

To relieve pain Signup and view all the answers

Which group of drugs includes Pethidine and Morphine?

Narcotics Signup and view all the answers

What do local analgesics do?

Prevent sensation to a specific area Signup and view all the answers

Which drug does not require a prescription according to the text?

Paracetamol Signup and view all the answers

What specific challenge can narcotics cause for clients who use them in hospital for long periods?

Constipation Signup and view all the answers

Which group of drugs is designed to reduce inflammation?

Anti-inflammatory drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)?

Reduce inflammation and pain Signup and view all the answers

Which group of medications are known for reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach lining cells?

Proton pump inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What do H2 Receptor Antagonists primarily treat?

Heartburn Signup and view all the answers

Which category of medications is commonly used to encourage bronchodilation in asthma attacks?

β2 Agonists Signup and view all the answers

How do Inhaled Corticosteroids primarily function?

Suppress inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which group of medications is known for preventing nausea and/or vomiting?

Anti-emetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Steroidal Anti-inflammatories (SAIDS)?

Relieve pain and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Mucolytics?

Break up secretions for easier removal Signup and view all the answers

What condition are Proton Pump Inhibitors primarily prescribed for?

Gastric ulcers and acid-related disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of β2 Agonists in asthma management?

Encourage bronchodilation during an asthma attack Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

To understand the side effects of common medications in their practice context Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a physiotherapist working in an outpatient respiratory clinic to understand the side effects of common respiratory medications?

To discuss the client's progress and how they are managing their disease Signup and view all the answers

If a client tells a physiotherapist that their regular medication has changed and they feel it is affecting their sleep, appetite, and balance, what is the appropriate action for the physiotherapist to take?

Inform the doctor of the client's concerns and suggest a medication refinement Signup and view all the answers

If a client's oxygen saturation drops during physiotherapy treatment and does not respond to physiotherapy interventions, what should the physiotherapist do?

Inform the nursing staff and suggest the client might be appropriate for oxygen therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why a physiotherapist working on an oncology ward should understand the pattern of chemotherapy in terms of when clients begin to feel unwell and when they start to recover?

To inform the exercise regimen they develop for clients undergoing chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

If a client is experiencing nausea after a surgery, what is the appropriate action for the physiotherapist to take?

Approach the nursing staff and ask if the client can be prescribed an anti-emetic medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

Eliminates peaks and troughs of drug levels Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration is characterized by self-administration of small doses by clients through a microprocessor-controlled pump?

PCA Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with epidural analgesia?

Urinary retention Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route requires a working gut for absorption, which might not be present immediately after major surgery?

Oral Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in post-operative care?

Client autonomy in pain management Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route is known for providing a more continuous blood concentration of opioids compared to others?

IV infusion Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

Incisional pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of IM drug administration for post-operative analgesia?

Painful administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lock-out interval in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?

To prevent overdose by restricting the frequency of doses Signup and view all the answers

What is a common drawback associated with epidural analgesia using a client-controlled system (PECA)?

Increased risk of respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of analgesics?

To relieve pain Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

Pain in the chest cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nitrates in the management of cardiovascular disease?

To dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What do local analgesics do?

Prevent sensation to a specific area Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

To understand the purpose and potential side effects of the medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

IV infusion provides a more continuous blood concentration of opioids Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action for a physiotherapist if a client tells them that their regular medication has changed and is affecting their sleep, appetite, and balance?

Approach the doctor and inform them of the changes, suggesting that refinement might be necessary. Signup and view all the answers

If a client's oxygen saturation drops during physiotherapy treatment and does not respond to interventions, what should the physiotherapist do?

Inform nursing staff and suggest that the client might be appropriate for oxygen therapy. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a physiotherapist working in an outpatient respiratory clinic to understand the side effects of common respiratory medications?

To discuss the client's progress and how they are managing their disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

IV infusion provides a more continuous blood concentration of opioids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sedatives in the hospital setting?

To induce relaxation, calmness, and sleepiness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

To approach doctors and suggest considerations for prescribing or changing medication. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in NIDDM?

Loss of normal tissue sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

Assisting the body to remove salt and water, which reduces swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sedatives in the hospital setting?

To sedate patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of anti-coagulants in patient care?

To act as blood thinners and prevent clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antibiotics in healthcare?

To treat infections caused by bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of anti-fungal medications?

To treat fungal infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of general anesthetic in surgery?

To provide unconsciousness, amnesia, and analgesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cardiovascular medications known as nitrates?

To dilate vessels and improve blood flow to the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sedatives like Diazepam and Midazolam?

To induce sedation and calmness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillins such as Amoxycillin?

Works best on gram-positive bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of H2 Receptor Antagonists?

To reduce the amount of acid produced by the cells in the lining of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of β2 Agonists in asthma management?

To encourage bronchodilation through the relaxation of smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What do Inhaled Corticosteroids primarily do?

Suppress inflammation to prevent asthma attacks Signup and view all the answers

What condition are Proton Pump Inhibitors primarily prescribed for?

Heartburn and acid-related disorders like GORD Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Mucolytics?

To break up secretions so they are easier to mobilize and remove Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)?

To provide pain relief by reducing inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

Pain associated with the chest cavity or pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Steroidal Anti-inflammatories (SAIDS)?

To reduce inflammation and manage conditions like osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What do Anti-emetics primarily prevent?

Nausea and/or vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

To reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

Rapid onset of action and lower dose continuous infusion eliminates peaks and troughs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Mucolytics?

To help break down and clear mucus from the airways. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)?

To reduce pain and inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Which group of medications is known for preventing nausea and/or vomiting?

Antiemetics. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with epidural analgesia?

Nausea/vomiting, urinary retention, headache, neck stiffness. Signup and view all the answers

What do local analgesics do?

Block pain signals at the site of application. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common drawback associated with epidural analgesia using a client-controlled system (PECA)?

Improper programming and some clients cannot use it. Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

Incisional pain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why a physiotherapist working on an oncology ward should understand the pattern of chemotherapy in terms of when clients begin to feel unwell and when they start to recover?

To provide appropriate support and adjust therapy timing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in post-operative care?

Client autonomy and immediate pain relief. Signup and view all the answers

Cardiorespiratory Pharmacology Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of hyperglycemia in NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)?

Which type of diabetes is typically managed with oral hypoglycemic drugs?

What is the primary function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

Which antibiotic class is typically more effective against gram-positive bacteria?

What is the primary mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

Which of the following is a key difference between IDDM and NIDDM?

What is the primary purpose of nitrates in the management of cardiovascular disease?

What is the main function of sedatives in the hospital setting?

Which type of anesthetic is most suitable for major abdominal and thoracic surgery?

What is a common risk factor for patients being prescribed anticoagulants?

What is the purpose of analgesics?

Which group of drugs includes Pethidine and Morphine?

What do local analgesics do?

Which drug does not require a prescription according to the text?

What specific challenge can narcotics cause for clients who use them in hospital for long periods?

Which group of drugs is designed to reduce inflammation?

What is the purpose of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)?

Which group of medications are known for reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach lining cells?

What do H2 Receptor Antagonists primarily treat?

Which category of medications is commonly used to encourage bronchodilation in asthma attacks?

How do Inhaled Corticosteroids primarily function?

Which group of medications is known for preventing nausea and/or vomiting?

What is the primary purpose of Steroidal Anti-inflammatories (SAIDS)?

What is the main function of Mucolytics?

What condition are Proton Pump Inhibitors primarily prescribed for?

What is the role of β2 Agonists in asthma management?

What is the primary role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

Why is it important for a physiotherapist working in an outpatient respiratory clinic to understand the side effects of common respiratory medications?

If a client tells a physiotherapist that their regular medication has changed and they feel it is affecting their sleep, appetite, and balance, what is the appropriate action for the physiotherapist to take?

If a client's oxygen saturation drops during physiotherapy treatment and does not respond to physiotherapy interventions, what should the physiotherapist do?

What is the main reason why a physiotherapist working on an oncology ward should understand the pattern of chemotherapy in terms of when clients begin to feel unwell and when they start to recover?

If a client is experiencing nausea after a surgery, what is the appropriate action for the physiotherapist to take?

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

Which route of drug administration is characterized by self-administration of small doses by clients through a microprocessor-controlled pump?

What is a common side effect associated with epidural analgesia?

Which drug administration route requires a working gut for absorption, which might not be present immediately after major surgery?

What is the primary advantage of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in post-operative care?

Which drug administration route is known for providing a more continuous blood concentration of opioids compared to others?

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

What is a significant disadvantage of IM drug administration for post-operative analgesia?

What is the purpose of a lock-out interval in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?

What is a common drawback associated with epidural analgesia using a client-controlled system (PECA)?

What is the main purpose of analgesics?

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

What is the primary function of nitrates in the management of cardiovascular disease?

What do local analgesics do?

What is the main role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

What is the appropriate action for a physiotherapist if a client tells them that their regular medication has changed and is affecting their sleep, appetite, and balance?

If a client's oxygen saturation drops during physiotherapy treatment and does not respond to interventions, what should the physiotherapist do?

Why is it important for a physiotherapist working in an outpatient respiratory clinic to understand the side effects of common respiratory medications?

What is the primary advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

What is the main function of sedatives in the hospital setting?

What is the primary role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in NIDDM?

What is the main function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

What is the primary role of sedatives in the hospital setting?

What is the purpose of anti-coagulants in patient care?

What is the main function of antibiotics in healthcare?

What is the primary function of anti-fungal medications?

What is the main purpose of general anesthetic in surgery?

What is the primary function of cardiovascular medications known as nitrates?

What is the main function of sedatives like Diazepam and Midazolam?

What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillins such as Amoxycillin?

What is the primary function of H2 Receptor Antagonists?

What is the main function of β2 Agonists in asthma management?

What do Inhaled Corticosteroids primarily do?

What condition are Proton Pump Inhibitors primarily prescribed for?

What is the main purpose of Mucolytics?

What is the main purpose of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)?

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

What is the primary purpose of Steroidal Anti-inflammatories (SAIDS)?

What do Anti-emetics primarily prevent?

What is the main function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

What is the main function of Mucolytics?