Cardiorespiratory Pharmacology Review

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Questions and Answers

What is the main cause of hyperglycemia in NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus)?

  • Insufficient insulin production from pancreatic cells
  • Loss of normal tissue sensitivity to insulin (correct)
  • Excessive glucagon secretion from the pancreas
  • Autoimmunity against pancreatic cells

Which type of diabetes is typically managed with oral hypoglycemic drugs?

  • Neither IDDM nor NIDDM
  • Both IDDM and NIDDM
  • NIDDM (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) (correct)
  • IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)

What is the primary function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

  • Assist the body to remove salt and water, reducing swelling (correct)
  • Reduce blood pressure by blocking the renin-angiotensin system
  • Inhibit calcium entry into heart muscle cells to prevent arrhythmias
  • Dilate blood vessels to improve blood flow

Which antibiotic class is typically more effective against gram-positive bacteria?

<p>Penicillins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics?

<p>Inhibition of protein synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key difference between IDDM and NIDDM?

<p>IDDM is caused by autoimmunity, while NIDDM is caused by insulin resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of nitrates in the management of cardiovascular disease?

<p>Dilate blood vessels to improve blood flow and reduce angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sedatives in the hospital setting?

<p>To induce sleep and reduce anxiety in patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anesthetic is most suitable for major abdominal and thoracic surgery?

<p>General anesthetic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for patients being prescribed anticoagulants?

<p>Hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of analgesics?

<p>To relieve pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of drugs includes Pethidine and Morphine?

<p>Narcotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do local analgesics do?

<p>Prevent sensation to a specific area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug does not require a prescription according to the text?

<p>Paracetamol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific challenge can narcotics cause for clients who use them in hospital for long periods?

<p>Constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of drugs is designed to reduce inflammation?

<p>Anti-inflammatory drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)?

<p>Reduce inflammation and pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of medications are known for reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach lining cells?

<p>Proton pump inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do H2 Receptor Antagonists primarily treat?

<p>Heartburn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of medications is commonly used to encourage bronchodilation in asthma attacks?

<p>β2 Agonists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Inhaled Corticosteroids primarily function?

<p>Suppress inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of medications is known for preventing nausea and/or vomiting?

<p>Anti-emetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Steroidal Anti-inflammatories (SAIDS)?

<p>Relieve pain and inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Mucolytics?

<p>Break up secretions for easier removal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition are Proton Pump Inhibitors primarily prescribed for?

<p>Gastric ulcers and acid-related disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of β2 Agonists in asthma management?

<p>Encourage bronchodilation during an asthma attack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

<p>To understand the side effects of common medications in their practice context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a physiotherapist working in an outpatient respiratory clinic to understand the side effects of common respiratory medications?

<p>To discuss the client's progress and how they are managing their disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client tells a physiotherapist that their regular medication has changed and they feel it is affecting their sleep, appetite, and balance, what is the appropriate action for the physiotherapist to take?

<p>Inform the doctor of the client's concerns and suggest a medication refinement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client's oxygen saturation drops during physiotherapy treatment and does not respond to physiotherapy interventions, what should the physiotherapist do?

<p>Inform the nursing staff and suggest the client might be appropriate for oxygen therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why a physiotherapist working on an oncology ward should understand the pattern of chemotherapy in terms of when clients begin to feel unwell and when they start to recover?

<p>To inform the exercise regimen they develop for clients undergoing chemotherapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client is experiencing nausea after a surgery, what is the appropriate action for the physiotherapist to take?

<p>Approach the nursing staff and ask if the client can be prescribed an anti-emetic medication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

<p>Eliminates peaks and troughs of drug levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration is characterized by self-administration of small doses by clients through a microprocessor-controlled pump?

<p>PCA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with epidural analgesia?

<p>Urinary retention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route requires a working gut for absorption, which might not be present immediately after major surgery?

<p>Oral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in post-operative care?

<p>Client autonomy in pain management (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug administration route is known for providing a more continuous blood concentration of opioids compared to others?

<p>IV infusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

<p>Incisional pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of IM drug administration for post-operative analgesia?

<p>Painful administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a lock-out interval in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?

<p>To prevent overdose by restricting the frequency of doses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common drawback associated with epidural analgesia using a client-controlled system (PECA)?

<p>Increased risk of respiratory depression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of analgesics?

<p>To relieve pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

<p>Pain in the chest cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nitrates in the management of cardiovascular disease?

<p>To dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do local analgesics do?

<p>Prevent sensation to a specific area</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

<p>To understand the purpose and potential side effects of the medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

<p>IV infusion provides a more continuous blood concentration of opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action for a physiotherapist if a client tells them that their regular medication has changed and is affecting their sleep, appetite, and balance?

<p>Approach the doctor and inform them of the changes, suggesting that refinement might be necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a client's oxygen saturation drops during physiotherapy treatment and does not respond to interventions, what should the physiotherapist do?

<p>Inform nursing staff and suggest that the client might be appropriate for oxygen therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a physiotherapist working in an outpatient respiratory clinic to understand the side effects of common respiratory medications?

<p>To discuss the client's progress and how they are managing their disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

<p>IV infusion provides a more continuous blood concentration of opioids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sedatives in the hospital setting?

<p>To induce relaxation, calmness, and sleepiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a physiotherapist regarding a client's medication?

<p>To approach doctors and suggest considerations for prescribing or changing medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hyperglycemia in NIDDM?

<p>Loss of normal tissue sensitivity to insulin (insulin resistance)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

<p>Assisting the body to remove salt and water, which reduces swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of sedatives in the hospital setting?

<p>To sedate patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of anti-coagulants in patient care?

<p>To act as blood thinners and prevent clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antibiotics in healthcare?

<p>To treat infections caused by bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of anti-fungal medications?

<p>To treat fungal infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of general anesthetic in surgery?

<p>To provide unconsciousness, amnesia, and analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cardiovascular medications known as nitrates?

<p>To dilate vessels and improve blood flow to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sedatives like Diazepam and Midazolam?

<p>To induce sedation and calmness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillins such as Amoxycillin?

<p>Works best on gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of H2 Receptor Antagonists?

<p>To reduce the amount of acid produced by the cells in the lining of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of β2 Agonists in asthma management?

<p>To encourage bronchodilation through the relaxation of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Inhaled Corticosteroids primarily do?

<p>Suppress inflammation to prevent asthma attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition are Proton Pump Inhibitors primarily prescribed for?

<p>Heartburn and acid-related disorders like GORD</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Mucolytics?

<p>To break up secretions so they are easier to mobilize and remove</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)?

<p>To provide pain relief by reducing inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

<p>Pain associated with the chest cavity or pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Steroidal Anti-inflammatories (SAIDS)?

<p>To reduce inflammation and manage conditions like osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Anti-emetics primarily prevent?

<p>Nausea and/or vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of diuretics in the management of heart disease?

<p>To reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of providing post-operative analgesia via IV infusion compared to IM administration?

<p>Rapid onset of action and lower dose continuous infusion eliminates peaks and troughs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Mucolytics?

<p>To help break down and clear mucus from the airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs)?

<p>To reduce pain and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of medications is known for preventing nausea and/or vomiting?

<p>Antiemetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with epidural analgesia?

<p>Nausea/vomiting, urinary retention, headache, neck stiffness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do local analgesics do?

<p>Block pain signals at the site of application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common drawback associated with epidural analgesia using a client-controlled system (PECA)?

<p>Improper programming and some clients cannot use it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain is intrapleural analgesia most effective for?

<p>Incisional pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why a physiotherapist working on an oncology ward should understand the pattern of chemotherapy in terms of when clients begin to feel unwell and when they start to recover?

<p>To provide appropriate support and adjust therapy timing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in post-operative care?

<p>Client autonomy and immediate pain relief.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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