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Questions and Answers
What does VO2max represent in exercise physiology?
What does VO2max represent in exercise physiology?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for inhalation?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for inhalation?
What is the formula for calculating the theoretical maximum heart rate?
What is the formula for calculating the theoretical maximum heart rate?
Which of the following is NOT a role of the respiratory muscles during forced exhalation?
Which of the following is NOT a role of the respiratory muscles during forced exhalation?
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Which muscle is responsible for trunk flexion?
Which muscle is responsible for trunk flexion?
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What is the primary role of the Iliopsoas muscle?
What is the primary role of the Iliopsoas muscle?
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Which muscle serves as a stabilizer of the pelvis?
Which muscle serves as a stabilizer of the pelvis?
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What is the termination point of the Quadriceps muscle?
What is the termination point of the Quadriceps muscle?
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Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the extension of the knee?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for the extension of the knee?
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Which of the following muscles is involved in flexion and adduction of the leg?
Which of the following muscles is involved in flexion and adduction of the leg?
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What is the origin point of the Adductors?
What is the origin point of the Adductors?
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What muscle group is primarily involved in the extension of the hip?
What muscle group is primarily involved in the extension of the hip?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion at the knee joint?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion at the knee joint?
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Study Notes
Cardiopulmonary System
- VO2max: Maximum oxygen consumption by the body during intense exertion. Expressed in ml/min/kg. Linked to endurance.
- VMA (Aerobic Maximum Velocity): Velocity reached at VO2max. Measured using field tests (e.g., Cooper, 1.5 mile run).
- PMA (Maximum Aerobic Power): Power generated at VO2max. Measured on an ergometer (e.g., bicycle).
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Heart Rate:
- Resting Heart Rate (FC au repos): Approximately 70 bpm in adults.
- Maximum Theoretical Heart Rate (FCmax théorique): Calculated using the formula 220 - age or using Gellish formula (206.9 - 0.67 x age)
Gas Exchange
- Oxygen (O2): Moves from the lungs (alveoli) to the bloodstream (capillaries).
- Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Moves from the bloodstream to the lungs to be expelled.
- Gas exchange is driven by pressure differences between alveolar air and blood.
Respiratory Muscles
Inspiratory Muscles (active during inhalation):
- Diaphragm (principal): Most important muscle for breathing.
- External Intercostals:
- Scalenes:
- Sternocleidomastoid (effort): Active during deep breathing.
Expiratory Muscles (active during forced exhalation):
- Internal Intercostals:
- Abdominal Muscles (transverse, oblique, rectus abdominis): Important for forceful exhalation.
Trunk Anatomy
Rectus Abdominis:
- Origin: Sternum
- Insertion: Pubis
- Action: Flexion of the trunk
Quadratus Lumborum:
- Origin: Iliac crest
- Insertion: 12th rib and lumbar transverse processes
- Action: Lateral flexion of the trunk and stabilization of the lumbar spine.
Erector Spinae:
- Origin: Upper thoracic fascia & spinous processes.
- Insertion: Sacrum, ilium, mastoid process
- Action: Maintain erect posture and extension of the spine.
Transverse Abdominis:
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Origin: Rib cage and thoracolumbar fascia.
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Insertion: Iliac crest and lumbar fascia
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Action: Stability and support of the abdominal viscera.
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Diaphragm function: The diaphragm is a muscle that aids breathing. When it contracts, it pulls down on the lower parts of the rib cage and decreases pressure in the chest cavity, allowing air to enter the lungs (inhalation). When it relaxes the movement is reversed.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the cardiopulmonary system, including VO2max, VMA, PMA, and heart rate metrics. Explore concepts related to gas exchange and the role of respiratory muscles. This quiz is essential for understanding respiratory physiology and its importance in endurance and athletic performance.
