10 Questions
In Guillain-Barre Syndrome, what is the typical pattern of muscle paralysis?
Ascending paralysis
What percentage of Guillain-Barre Syndrome cases experience muscle weakness affecting the facial and arm muscles first?
10%
Which of the following is a possible presentation of Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
Simultaneous paralysis of all four limbs
What happens after the muscle paralysis reaches its maximum in Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
It remains unchanged for a few days or weeks
What proportion of Guillain-Barre Syndrome patients experience permanent residual neurologic deficits?
Between 10% and 20%
How long can the recovery time be for some patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
3 years
In diagnosing Guillain-Barre Syndrome, what is a common finding in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Elevated protein level
Which diagnostic procedure is typically used to confirm Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
"Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS)"
"What should you expect in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis of a patient with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?"
"Which part of the body is typically affected first by muscle paralysis in Guillain-Barre Syndrome?"
Arm and facial muscles
Study Notes
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is associated with various cardiopulmonary clinical manifestations.
- Clinical manifestations result from the pathophysiologic mechanisms caused by atelectasis, alveolar consolidation, and excessive bronchial secretions.
- Respiratory manifestations include respiratory rate variability, apnea (severe cases), cyanosis, and chest assessment findings such as diminished breath sounds, crackles, and increased opacity on chest radiographs.
- Autonomic nervous system dysfunctions include cardiac arrhythmias (tachycardia, bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, and asystole), urinary retention, hypertension alternating with hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, intestinal obstruction (ileus), and loss of sweating.
- Management of GBS includes close monitoring after diagnosis due to potential need for mechanical ventilation.
- Symptoms of GBS include symmetric muscle weakness in distal extremities with paresthesia or dysesthesias, pain (throbbing, aching), numbness, deep tendon reflex absence, and autonomic symptoms such as drooling, difficulty chewing and swallowing, oculo-motor weakness, and respiratory muscle paralysis in up to 10-30% of cases.
- The paralysis may affect different parts of the body in various orders, and progression and resolution times may vary.
- The diagnosis of GBS is typically based on clinical history, cerebrospinal fluid findings (elevated protein level with normal white blood cell count), and abnormal electromyography and nerve conduction studies.
Learn about the cardipulmonary manifestations associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome, including atelectasis, alveolar consolidation, and excessive bronchial secretions. Explore the anatomic alterations of the lungs and the importance of managing ventilatory failure properly. Understand how physical examination findings such as respiratory rate variations can provide crucial insights.
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