Cardiopulmonary Assessment

Which action is MOST important for the nurse to take if a patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary distress during a nursing history interview?

Which assessment finding suggests a potential alteration in oxygenation?

What does the assessment technique of palpation primarily evaluate in relation to oxygenation and perfusion?

When auscultating a patient's lungs, which finding suggests a potential issue such as pneumonia or heart failure?

What does measurement of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) primarily assess?

Which component of a patient assessment is MOST useful in determining the effectiveness of current respiratory treatments?

What is the PRIMARY purpose of using pulse oximetry in patient care?

Which assessment finding indicates the need for further evaluation of a patient's respiratory status?

What information does an electrocardiogram (ECG) provide about the heart?

A patient with COPD has an increased anteroposterior chest diameter. What term is used to describe this condition?

What is the expected ratio reported with pulse oximetry?

Which statement best describes the purpose of pulmonary function studies?

A nurse is assessing a patient and notes pallor of the skin and mucous membranes. What does this finding suggest?

What is the primary reason for assessing social determinants of health in patients with cardiopulmonary conditions?

During auscultation of the heart, the nurse hears an extra heart sound in addition to S1 and S2. What does the presence of extra heart sounds indicate?

Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health that could impact a patient's cardiopulmonary status?

A patient with asthma is using a peak flow meter at home. What does the personal best peak flow rate represent?

Why is it important to ensure accurate placement of electrodes/leads when performing an ECG?

Which of the following is an expected finding in older adults that can limit respiratory ventilation?

During the respiratory assessment, a nurse notices the patient is using accessory muscles to breathe. What does this observation indicate?

What is the MOST appropriate nursing intervention when initiating oxygen therapy based on pulse oximetry readings?

What does the 'lub' sound (S1) correlate with in the cardiac cycle?

A nurse assesses a patient's chest and notes a depression of the sternum. Which of the following terms BEST describes this abnormality?

During assessment, a nurse observes the patient exhibiting tachypnea. What is the BEST initial action by the nurse?

A patient is scheduled for pulmonary function tests. Which instruction should the nurse provide to prepare the patient for the test?

Which of the following best describes the origin of wheezing during auscultation of the lungs?

What does the term 'forced vital capacity' (FVC) refer to in pulmonary function testing?

Upon assessment of a patient's extremities, a nurse notes decreased skin temperature, pallor, and prolonged capillary refill. What do these findings MOST likely indicate?

In the context of oxygenation and perfusion, what does the nursing history primarily help to identify?

Which of the following assessments is considered an advanced technique typically performed by advanced health care providers?

What should the nurse do when adventitious breath sounds are heard during auscultation?

A patient has a history of asthma and reports experiencing dyspnea. The nurse measures the patient's peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and obtains a value that is 50% of their personal best. What does this indicate?

Regarding common usage for patients whose asthma is categorized as moderate or severe -- which is the MOST accurate reflection of the utility of the peak flow meter?

Considering the complexities of auscultation, which of the following scenarios would require the MOST advanced clinical judgment and differentiation of subtle findings?

Under what circumstances is pulse oximetry an unreliable indicator of a patient's oxygenation status?

The information gained about a patient's general circulation is MOST useful in determining:

Examine the provided equations, then assume a patient's Tidal Volume (Vt) reads 500 mL, their Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) 3000 mL, and their Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) is 1,100 mL. Given that Vital Capacity (VC) is calculated as (VC = VT + IRV + ERV), what is the calculated Vital Capacity?

A patient in the supine position exhibits consistent jugular vein distension with the head of the bed elevated to 45 degrees. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate inference given this clinical finding?

Which assessment technique is typically performed by advanced health care providers when assessing the thorax?

Auscultation of the lungs assesses air flow through the respiratory passages and lungs.

What is the term for the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes that can indicate decreased blood flow or poor blood oxygenation?

The measurement of blood pH and arterial gases to evaluate acid-base and oxygenation status is known as arterial blood gas (ABG) _________.

Match the following:

What information does the nursing history provide in the context of oxygenation?

The anteroposterior diameter of the adult chest should be greater than the transverse diameter.

What is the medical term for rapid breathing?

The presence of sputum in the airways can be indicated by coarse _________ that are soft, high-pitched, and discontinuous.

Match the following sounds with their descriptions:

What does pulse oximetry measure?

An ECG transmits electricity into the patient's body to record cardiac activity.

What is the significance of assessing social determinants of health in relation to a patient's cardiopulmonary status?

The first heart sound (lub) correlates with the beginning of _______, the contraction of the ventricles.

Match the pulmonary function test with its description:

Which of the following is a social determinant of health that may impact a patient's cardiopulmonary status?

If a patient is experiencing cardiopulmonary distress, the nurse should delay taking a full history until emergency interventions are completed.

What is the term for curvature of the spine that can limit respiratory ventilation, especially in older adults?

The point of highest flow during forced expiration is known as Peak _________ Flow Rate (PEFR).

Match the type of patient with the primary use of PEFR monitoring:

What does palpation of the chest assess?

Prolonged capillary refill indicates optimal cardiac function and oxygenation.

What conditions may edema be related to, contributing to altered oxygenation?

Abnormal lung sounds can occur as a result of alterations in the respiratory and _______ systems and lead to impaired oxygenation.

Match the component of the ECG complex with what they represent:

Which of the following statements is correct regarding pulse oximetry measurements?

Spirometry is used to assess the degree of airway obstruction and evaluates response to inhaled medications.

What is the primary purpose of pulmonary function studies?

The volume of air contained within the lungs at maximum inspiration is known as Total Lung _________ (TLC).

Match the description with the term:

Which of the following best describes the 'lub-dub' heart sounds?

Increased skin temperature and redness are typical signs of decreased cardiac function and oxygenation.

Define point of maximal impulse (PMI).

If no emergency interventions are necessary for the patient's condition, obtain a ________ history at this time.

Match the device with its function:

Which rhythm on an ECG would be MOST concerning?

Understanding the relationship between alterations in oxygenation and mental status is essential, but which of the following changes is MOST indicative of chronically impaired oxygenation?

Pulse oximetry accurately reflects central arterial oxygen saturation, even in patients with significant peripheral vasoconstriction.

Describe the clinical implications for nurses when auscultating diminished breath sounds in a patient.