43 Questions
Which term is used to describe diffuse dysfunction attributed to multivessel coronary artery disease?
Ischemic cardiomyopathy
What are cardiomyopathies characterized by?
Genetic disease
What was the traditional classification of cardiomyopathies based on?
Autopsy specimens
Which term is used to describe cardiomyopathy resulting from causes other than multivessel coronary artery disease?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What term is sometimes applied to describe diffuse dysfunction attributed to multivessel coronary artery disease?
Ischemic cardiomyopathy
Which cardiomyopathy is now defined more on the basis of abnormal diastolic function?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Why is the classification scheme based on phenotype considered increasingly inadequate?
All of the above
Which term primarily describes the resulting syndrome of fluid retention in cardiomyopathy?
Congestive heart failure
What may be absent despite severe fluid retention in younger patients with cardiomyopathy?
Peripheral edema
What is the primary presentation for fulminant myocarditis?
Acute cardiogenic shock
Which imaging modality is increasingly used to provide further information on myocardial tissue characterization?
MRI
Which type of inheritance pattern is most commonly seen in familial cardiomyopathies?
Autosomal dominant
What kind of genetic mutations are the most common in cardiomyopathy?
Truncating variants
How do missense mutations affect the normal allele in cardiomyopathy?
Interfere with normal allele through a dominant negative mechanism
What is haploinsufficiency in the context of cardiomyopathy?
Lack of a stable protein causing disease
Which type of mutations may create a truncated or unstable protein in cardiomyopathy?
Nonsense mutations
What characterizes genetic cardiomyopathy in terms of penetrance?
Age-dependent and incomplete penetrance
How does sex influence penetrance and clinical severity in most cardiomyopathies?
Greater in men
In which type of mutation is the lack of a stable protein the cause of cardiomyopathy?
"Haploinsufficiency" mutations
What is a possible consequence of antiviral drugs used to treat chronic HIV?
Lymphocytic myocarditis
In which regions has hepatitis C been particularly associated with cardiomyopathy?
Germany and Asia
What factor can complicate the clinical picture related to cardiomyopathy when treating chronic HIV?
Pericardial effusions
What effect can interferon therapy have on cardiac function?
Improvement
Which viruses have been specifically implicated in myocarditis, besides hepatitis viruses?
Mumps and respiratory syncytial virus
What is the dominant injury site of SARS-CoV-2, leading to severe complications?
Lungs
Which cytokine is mentioned as possibly depressing cardiac function transiently?
Interferon
Which family of RNA viruses was first implicated in causing clinical myocarditis in humans?
Picornaviruses
Which of the following DNA viruses is well recognized to cause myocarditis and is also common in the healthy population?
Adenovirus
Which virus may affect the cardiovascular system through infection of vascular endothelial cells?
Parvovirus B19
Which virus was associated with an incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) of 1–2% before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Which virus has been associated with a lower incidence of cardiac disease due to the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Which technique detects viral genomes in the majority of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Which of the following viruses may contribute to chronic cardiomyopathy despite serologic evidence of exposure in many children and most adults?
Parvovirus B19
What is a common feature of Chagas' disease related to the conduction system abnormalities?
Atrial fibrillation
Why is xenodiagnosis rarely performed in Chagas' disease diagnosis?
Low specificity and sensitivity
Which medication is commonly used to treat heart failure manifestations in advanced stages of Chagas' disease?
Heart failure medications
What is a known side effect of the antiparasitic therapies benznidazole and nifurtimox?
Neuropathy
Why was the role of antiparasitic therapy left unclear in the trial with adults having Chagas' cardiomyopathy?
Disease progression continued despite treatment
What makes the dilated ventricles in Chagas' disease particularly thrombogenic?
Common occurrence of ventricular aneurysms
Why are two separate positive serologic tests needed to diagnose Chagas' disease?
Low specificity and sensitivity of the tests
In Chagas' disease, what is a major focus of treatment in advanced stages?
Addressing clinical manifestations
What is the main characteristic of the dilated ventricles in Chagas' disease related to thrombogenesis?
Thrombogenic nature due to their dilatation
Which diagnostic method for Chagas' disease lacks sufficient specificity and sensitivity, requiring two positive tests for confirmation?
Serologic tests for specific IgG antibodies
Learn about cardiomyopathy, a disease of the heart muscle, and its classification. This quiz covers the estimated percentage of heart failure cases attributed to cardiomyopathy in the United States, as well as the distinction from other structural heart diseases.
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