Myocarditis Quiz: Acute Clinical Syndrome Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of acute myocarditis?

Viral infection (correct)

Bacterial infection

Toxins and drugs

Autoimmune reaction

What can lead to persistent ventricular dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy in acute myocarditis?

Parasitic agents and rickettsial infection

Toxic reaction and immunologic response

Ongoing viral infection and myocardial destruction (correct)

Bacterial infection and fungal agents

Which statement about mortality in clinically significant myocarditis is most accurate?

Mortality is rare, occurring only in cases of bacterial infection

Mortality is high, especially in patients with persistent viral genome expression

Mortality varies widely, with less than 4% overall mortality (correct)

Mortality is low, especially in patients with antimyosin auto antibodies

In acute myocarditis, what leads rapidly to cardiovascular collapse and shock?

Fulminant myocarditis Signup and view all the answers

What leads to limited recovery of left ventricular function in acute myocarditis?

Persistent viral genome expression and/or antimyosin auto antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the main clinical consequence of acute myocarditis?

Dilated cardiomyopathy and persistent ventricular dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of viral myocarditis?

Coxsackieviruses Signup and view all the answers

Which parasitic infection is mentioned as a common cause of cardiac involvement?

Trichinosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the major clinical manifestation of Chagas' disease?

Conduction disturbances Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of patients presenting with fulminant congestive heart failure (CHF) due to COVID-19 related myocarditis?

Widespread myocardial involvement Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with myocarditis have transient ECG abnormalities according to the text?

Approximately 50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent finding on ECG in patients with myocarditis?

Sinus tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What can a chest radiograph reveal in patients with myocarditis?

Cardiomegaly Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique is capable of showing abnormal signal intensity in the affected myocardium?

[MRI] Signup and view all the answers

What treatment is indicated when an infecting agent is identified in myocarditis?

Specific antimicrobial therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common presentation of chest discomfort in patients with myocarditis?

Sharp, stabbing precordial pain Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory biomarkers have been shown to be routinely elevated in immune-mediated myocarditis according to studies?

Cytokines, complement, and antiheart antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of ventricular dysfunction noted in patients with significant involvement of this condition?

Jugular venous distention Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acute Myocarditis

The primary cause of acute myocarditis is viral infections.
Persistent ventricular dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy can be led to by unresolved inflammation and inadequate removal of the infectious agent.

Mortality and Consequences

Mortality in clinically significant myocarditis is highest in the first month after presentation.
Rapid progression to cardiovascular collapse and shock can be caused by fulminant myocarditis.
Limited recovery of left ventricular function is often seen in patients with acute myocarditis due to persistence of inflammatory cells.
The main clinical consequence of acute myocarditis is dilated cardiomyopathy.

Causes of Myocarditis

The most common cause of viral myocarditis is Coxsackievirus.
Chagas' disease is a common cause of cardiac involvement, and its major clinical manifestation is cardiac arrhythmias.
Trypanosoma cruzi is the parasitic infection that is commonly associated with cardiac involvement.

Diagnosis and Imaging

Patients with fulminant congestive heart failure (CHF) due to COVID-19 related myocarditis often have a characteristic feature of elevated troponin levels.
Transient ECG abnormalities are seen in around 80-90% of patients with myocarditis.
The most frequent finding on ECG in patients with myocarditis is ST-segment elevation.
A chest radiograph can reveal pulmonary edema, cardiomegaly, or pleural effusions in patients with myocarditis.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is capable of showing abnormal signal intensity in the affected myocardium.

Treatment and Laboratory Biomarkers

Treatment is indicated with antiviral or antiparasitic agents when an infecting agent is identified in myocarditis.
The most common presentation of chest discomfort in patients with myocarditis is retrosternal or left precordial chest pain.
Laboratory biomarkers such as troponin and creatine kinase have been shown to be routinely elevated in immune-mediated myocarditis.
A common sign of ventricular dysfunction noted in patients with significant involvement of this condition is elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).

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Description

Test your knowledge about the clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of myocytes resulting from infectious, toxic, and autoimmune etiologies, and its impact on myocardial function and heart failure.

Acute Myocarditis Clinical Syndrome

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