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Questions and Answers
What is a key indicator of left atrial enlargement on a plain radiograph?
What is a key indicator of left atrial enlargement on a plain radiograph?
Which sign indicates posterior displacement of the left mainstem bronchus in left atrial enlargement?
Which sign indicates posterior displacement of the left mainstem bronchus in left atrial enlargement?
In the context of left atrial enlargement, what does the term 'splaying of the carina' refer to?
In the context of left atrial enlargement, what does the term 'splaying of the carina' refer to?
What characteristic is associated with right atrial enlargement on a plain radiograph?
What characteristic is associated with right atrial enlargement on a plain radiograph?
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Which radiographic sign is NOT typically associated with left atrial enlargement?
Which radiographic sign is NOT typically associated with left atrial enlargement?
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What is the effect of right ventricular enlargement on the cardiac apex?
What is the effect of right ventricular enlargement on the cardiac apex?
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How is right atrial enlargement typically identified on a radiographic image?
How is right atrial enlargement typically identified on a radiographic image?
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What characteristic change occurs to the cardiac apex with left ventricular enlargement?
What characteristic change occurs to the cardiac apex with left ventricular enlargement?
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What is the maximum permissible distance of the right atrial shadow from the midline in the case of enlargement?
What is the maximum permissible distance of the right atrial shadow from the midline in the case of enlargement?
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Which condition can lead to an enlarged left atrium with a normal cardiac silhouette?
Which condition can lead to an enlarged left atrium with a normal cardiac silhouette?
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Study Notes
Cardiomegaly: Right Ventricular Enlargement
- The right ventricle is the most anterior heart chamber.
- Right ventricular enlargement displaces the cardiac apex leftward.
- Left ventricular enlargement displaces the apex in a left-inferior direction.
- Radiographic features: retrosternal fullness, anterior cardiac border extends more than lower 1/3 of the sternal length.
Cardiomegaly: Right Atrial Enlargement
- The right atrium forms the right heart border.
- Right atrial enlargement causes lateral bulging or elongation of the right heart border.
- Normal right atrial shadow: no more than 50% of cardiovascular height and no more than 5.5 cm from the midline.
Cardiomegaly: Left Ventricular Enlargement
- The left ventricle forms the left heart border.
- Left ventricular enlargement displaces the cardiac apex in a left-inferior direction.
- Radiographic features: posterior displacement of the left ventricle.
Cardiomegaly: Left Atrial Enlargement
- The left atrium is the most posterior cardiac chamber.
- Causes: Mitral regurgitation and Mitral stenosis
- Radiographic findings: widening of the carina, elevation of the left upper lobe bronchus, increased distance of the right border of the left atrium from the midpoint of the left mainstem bronchus ( > 7 cm), enlarged left atrial appendage (third mogul sign), and a widened carinal angle.
- Additional findings: atrial escape and prominence of the upper posterior cardiac convexity.
- Left ventricle dilation causes leftward, inferior, and posterior displacement of the left heart border.
- Left ventricle hypertrophy may cause rounding of the cardiac apex.
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Description
This quiz covers various aspects of cardiomegaly, focusing on the enlargement of different heart chambers including the right and left ventricles and atria. You will learn about the anatomical features and radiographic indicators associated with each type of enlargement. Test your knowledge on these critical aspects of heart health.
