Cardiology - Symptomatology Overview
45 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What characterizes a diastolic thrill in relation to heart sounds?

  • It is present during systole.
  • It is associated with aortic stenosis.
  • It indicates normal heart function.
  • It is indicative of mitral stenosis. (correct)

    • Which heart sound is typically described as 'slapping'?

  • First heart sound for mitral stenosis. (correct)
  • Second heart sound for aortic stenosis.
  • Second heart sound for mitral stenosis.
  • First heart sound for aortic regurgitation.

    • What is the expected feature of the apex during diastole?

  • Systolic thrill is palpated.
  • There is no thrill noted.
  • Thrill is present, systolic is absent. (correct)
  • Apex is directed downwards.

    • In the context of percussion findings, what indicates dullness in the pulmonary area?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hepatic dullness tested during percussion?

    <p>Beginning from the 2nd ICS and asking for a breath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What question should be asked to assess for the presence of palpitations?

    <p>Do you feel your heart palpitations?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected pressure differential in the YiL?

    <p>10-20 mmHy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with peripheral cyanosis?

    <p>PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is indicated by jaundice from hepatic congestion?

    <p>Right-sided heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical finding is indicative of Right Side Heart Failure?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the local examination of the heart, which area is defined as the outermost, lowermost palpable visible pulsation?

    <p>Apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of a congested pulsating neck vein indicate?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of symptoms would most likely indicate the need to assess blood pressure?

    <p>Shortness of breath and headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic findings might be observed upon inspection of the chest wall?

    <p>Dilated veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scar is associated with valve replacement surgery?

    <p>Median sternotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential sign of subacute bacterial endocarditis in the upper limb?

    <p>Splinter hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epigastric pulsation in a patient is likely due to enlargement of which heart chamber?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would you inquire about to evaluate thrombogenic symptoms?

    <p>Any other symptoms?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pulmonary area, where is the site for palpation typically located?

    <p>Right 2nd intercostal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does the presence of orthopnea suggest which type of heart lesion?

    <p>Left-sided heart lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes visible vigorous pulsation in carotid arteritis?

    <p>Suprasternal pulsation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an accentuated S1 heart sound?

    <p>Mitral stenosis (MS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a weak S1 heart sound?

    <p>Mitral regurgitation (MR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the second heart sound (S2)?

    <p>Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological event causes the splitting of S2?

    <p>Right ventricular ejection phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sound is characteristic of a

    <p>S4 phenomenon in hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would most likely lead to a wide splitting of S2?

    <p>Right bundle branch block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following heart sounds is associated with the closing of the aortic valve?

    <p>A2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does tachycardia have on diastolic time?

    <p>Decreases diastolic time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of an opening snap (O.S) indicate regarding the mitral valve?

    <p>It indicates stenosis of the mitral valve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart sound is associated with forceful atrial contraction against ventricular end diastolic pressure?

    <p>S4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can an ejection click (EC) typically be heard?

    <p>When the pulmonary or aortic valve opens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes S3 to be present in a patient with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?

    <p>Excess blood flow across either normal or diseased valves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would a pericardial knock likely be identified?

    <p>During isovolemetric relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that the ejection click (EC) sound is organic?

    <p>It occurs before S2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of S4 heart sound?

    <p>Tension overload leading to ventricular hypertrophy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can opening snaps (O.S) be characterized regarding their impact on the valve's status?

    <p>Suggests that the valve is still viable and not calcified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of S3 heart sound in relaxed diastole?

    <p>Speed of blood flow into the ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the murmur associated with aortic stenosis?

    <p>Harsh with marked thrill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position is aortic valve pathology best assessed?

    <p>Sitting and leaning forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a pericardial knock?

    <p>Constrictive pericarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of murmur is characterized as soft and associated with regurgitation?

    <p>Mitral regurgitation murmur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct grade classification for a very faint murmur?

    <p>Grade 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart condition is typically compounded by atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Rheumatic heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sound might be heard from the two layers of pericardial tissue?

    <p>Pericardial rub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiology - Symptomatology

    • PVC (Premature Ventricular Contractions):
      • Symptoms include dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), cough, and hemoptysis.
      • Questions to ask the patient include: chest pain, palpitations, or other discomfort; does dyspnea worsen with exertion or is it independent of activity, Does the patient experience shortness of breath while lying down?, etc (Specific questions are included to help assess the issue)
    • SVC (Superior Vena Cava):
      • Symptoms include cyanosis, edema, palpitations, and swelling of legs and abdomen.
      • Questions to assess the patient include: is there any dizziness or lightheadedness when walking long distances?, etc
    • COP (Congestive Heart Failure):
      • Symptoms include cyanosis, low blood pressure, pain.
      • Questions to ask the patient include: Have your lips or fingernails turned bluish before?, etc
    • Palpitations:
      • Characterized by a feeling of irregular or rapid heartbeat.
      • Questions to ask include: Do you feel your heart flutter or beat irregularly?, Does the heart beat faster than usual?, chest pain, location, radiation, intensity, and associated characteristics (e.g., whether it is relieved by a particular action.)
    • Chest Pain:
      • Questions to assess include: Is there sharp or stabbing pain or tightness in your chest?, etc
    • Blood Pressure:
      • Can indicate abnormalities.
      • Additional questions regarding the patient's history are included.
    • Fever:
      • Often associated with other medical issues.
      • Questions include asking about the patient's recent medical history.
    • Thromboembolic Events/PVD/Other Systems:
      • Indicate potential complications.
      • More detailed questions could be included to assess if there's a history of similar events (Previous problems to rule out similar medical occurrences)
    • Systemic Infections:
      • Indicate underlying conditions.

    General Examination

    • General Observation:

      • Body build (average, underweight, overweight)
      • Mental status (average, alert, disoriented, etc)

    • Pallor:

      • Pale skin, possible edema (swelling) of one side of the body, due to heart failure.

    • Cyanosis:

      • bluish discoloration of the skin (Peripheral cyanosis is in the extremities while central cyanosis is throughout the body)

    • Jaundice:

      • Yellowing of skin and mucous membranes (typically indicates liver problems).

    • Hepatomegaly:

      • Enlarged liver (sometimes associated with jaundice).

    • Hepatosplenomegaly:

      • Enlarged liver and spleen (indicates dysfunction in the spleen and liver).

    • Cardiomegaly:

      • Enlarged heart.

    • Peripheral edema:

      • Swelling in the lower extremities (often associated with heart failure.)

    • Vital signs:

      • Blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate.

    • Head and neck:

      • Examine for signs of congestion and pulsations.

    • Thorax

      • Observe for abnormalities in chest structure (shape, appearance)
      • Auscultate for abnormal sounds and pulsations during inspection.

    • Upper limbs:

      • Palpate for nail changes (e.g., blueness in cyanosis) and possible irregularities in nail appearance (e.g., splinter hemorrhages) that could indicate infections or heart conditions.

    • Lower limbs:

      • Assess for edema (swelling) in the lower extremities (ankles, feet)

    • Other systems:

      • Assess for related symptoms in other parts of the body that could indicate a wide range of issues

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Cardiology Sheet PDF - DR. Ahmed Khalifa

    Description

    This quiz covers the key symptoms and assessment questions for various cardiological conditions such as PVC, SVC, and COP. Understand how to evaluate patient symptoms, including dyspnea and palpitations, to identify potential heart conditions effectively. Test your knowledge and improve your clinical assessment skills.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser