231 Intro to CV
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231 Intro to CV

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Questions and Answers

What does Class II cardiac symptom indicate regarding physical activity?

  • Slight limitation of physical activity (correct)
  • Symptoms only during high-intensity sports
  • Complete symptom resolution at rest
  • Inability to perform any physical activity without discomfort
  • How does the degree of customary physical activity affect the interpretation of dyspnea symptoms?

  • Symptoms are less significant in highly active individuals.
  • Symptom significance is only based on frequency.
  • Higher activity levels may indicate a worse prognosis. (correct)
  • It has no effect on interpretation.
  • Which component is crucial in evaluating a patient with symptoms of heart failure?

  • The patient's age and gender
  • Type of physical activity performed
  • Detailed consideration of the therapeutic regimen (correct)
  • Duration of episodes without treatment
  • What is the significance of dyspnea developing after two flights of stairs in a well-conditioned marathon runner?

    <p>It suggests greater functional impairment than expected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be evaluated in cases of persistent edema and breathlessness in heart failure patients on diuretics?

    <p>Potential worsening of cardiovascular health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically the nature of most heart murmurs in asymptomatic children or young adults?

    <p>They are typically benign and soft (grades I–II/VI).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of echocardiography is indicated for patients with loud systolic murmurs grade III/VI or higher?

    <p>Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient shows no evidence of cardiovascular disease but has risk factors for ischemic heart disease?

    <p>Development of a risk reduction plan and follow-up assessments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Familial clustering of cardiovascular diseases is thought to be related to which factors?

    <p>Dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of a holosystolic murmur?

    <p>It is present throughout the entire systole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might result from constant medical attention to a benign heart murmur?

    <p>Increased concern about potential heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action regarding echocardiography in patients with midsystolic murmurs evaluated as grades I–II/VI?

    <p>Echocardiography is generally not required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive ingestion of which substance is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in familial clustering?

    <p>Salt and calories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for evaluating asymptomatic patients with severe valvular heart disease?

    <p>Every 6 to 12 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might early signs of deterioration in ventricular function indicate?

    <p>Need for surgical treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions should be recognized by a noncardiologist as important cardiac manifestations?

    <p>Mitral stenosis and transient atrial arrhythmia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In considering treatment for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), what should practice guidelines emphasize?

    <p>Deciding the form of treatment (medical, percutaneous, or surgical)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of increased subspecialization in internal medicine?

    <p>Decreased recognition of systemic illness manifestations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group may employ mechanical revascularization too frequently?

    <p>The United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which systemic illness requires consideration of pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale?

    <p>Scleroderma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What practice is suggested to prevent irreversible myocardial damage in patients with deteriorating ventricular function?

    <p>Prompt evaluation for surgical treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the surgical treatment of cardiovascular issues become excessively risky?

    <p>Delayed recognition of critical symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding treatment for coronary artery disease?

    <p>Surgical revascularization is always the first choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is most frequently associated with dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation in women?

    <p>Coronary artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor appears to play a more prominent role in women's development of coronary atherosclerosis compared to men's?

    <p>Metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methodology tends to have a lower diagnostic accuracy for predicting epicardial obstruction in women compared to men?

    <p>Exercise electrocardiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom pattern is characteristic of patients with heart disease during exertion?

    <p>Symptoms worsen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of deaths secondary to cardiovascular disease is higher in women compared to men?

    <p>43%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has happened to the absolute number of deaths secondary to cardiovascular disease in women in recent decades?

    <p>It has increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with serious cardiac arrhythmias?

    <p>Chronic respiratory issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic was traditionally thought to have higher rates of cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Middle-aged men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a clinical examination, what is important to assess to determine if heart disease is responsible for symptoms?

    <p>Relation of symptoms to exertion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the changes in myocardial function that women may experience during exertion?

    <p>May be inadequate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for early intervention in valvular heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Echocardiographic examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can contribute to the underlying etiology of heart disease?

    <p>Congenital, hypertensive, ischemic, or inflammatory origins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of the New York Heart Association Functional Classification denotes no limitation of physical activity?

    <p>Class I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to assess the severity of functional impairment in heart disease patients?

    <p>Activity levels and performance rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conditions like chronic heart failure, what symptoms often increase gradually over time?

    <p>Gradually increasing dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abnormality may be identified in the chambers of the heart affected by valvular heart disease?

    <p>Both hypertrophied and dilated chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symptoms are not sufficient to explain the severity of a patient's heart condition?

    <p>Complaints of dyspnea without context of activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the effect of abnormal valves in the context of heart disease?

    <p>They may worsen throughout the course of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible chronic condition that might manifest due to valvular heart disease?

    <p>Chronic heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method for determining the severity of heart disease symptoms?

    <p>Assessing subjective feelings of well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

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