Cardiology Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern for a patient in cardiac arrest?

Monitoring blood pressure

Establishing an airway (correct)

Administering medication

Starting CPR

What should be avoided when administering esophageal balloon tamponade?

Using in patients with respiratory distress

Administering without sedation

Performing on patients with dysphagia

Inflating greater than 20 mm Hg (correct)

Which symptom is most commonly associated with bladder carcinoma?

Nausea and vomiting

Gross, painless hematuria (correct)

Intermittent claudication

Severe abdominal pain

Which measure is critical for reducing venous return in a patient with heart failure?

Laying the patient in high Fowler’s position Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice for managing premature ventricular contractions?

Lidocaine (Xylocaine) Signup and view all the answers

What dietary recommendations are appropriate for a patient with hepatitis A?

Moderately high in fat and high in carbohydrates and protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death in burn victims?

Respiratory compromise Signup and view all the answers

What condition can overproduction of prolactin by the pituitary gland cause?

Amenorrhea and galactorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What does yellow drainage with a foul odor from a nasogastric tube likely indicate?

Small-bowel obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential step in the preparation for a sigmoidoscopy?

Administering an enema Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is NOT appropriate for a patient with bleeding esophageal varices?

Prescribing antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

After a mastectomy, which symptom might a patient experience due to lymphedema?

A feeling of heaviness in the affected arm Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient after corneal transplant avoid doing for at least one week?

Lying on the affected site Signup and view all the answers

What is the advised dietary restriction for a patient with a colostomy in the first four to six weeks?

Low-residue diet Signup and view all the answers

Which position should a patient with an ileostomy adopt if they experience a blocked lumen?

Knee-chest position Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse assess before administering morphine to a patient?

Patient's respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of fracture in elderly patients?

Hip fracture Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary component should a patient taking digoxin increase in their diet?

High-potassium foods Signup and view all the answers

What position should be maintained for a patient who received a water-based medium during myelography?

Bed rest with head elevated 30 to 45 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is a cardinal sign of toxic shock syndrome?

Rapid onset of a high fever Signup and view all the answers

For how long should a patient remain on bed rest if an oil-based medium is used during myelography?

6 to 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if more than 3 L of dialysate solution returns during peritoneal dialysis?

Notify the physician. Signup and view all the answers

What is the limit for tracheobronchial suctioning per attempt?

10 to 15 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What does hemodialysis primarily involve?

Removing substances from blood using a semipermeable membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of a perforated peptic ulcer?

Sudden severe abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates the beginning of gangrene?

Progressive skin color changes. Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient do within the first 24 hours after a myocardial infarction?

Use a bedside commode Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the normal range for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels?

8 to 20 mg/dl. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is indicated by overflow incontinence?

Voiding minimal amounts frequently. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first sign of a pressure ulcer?

Reddened skin that blanches. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes angina pectoris?

Substernal pain lasting 2 to 3 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of treatment for angina pectoris?

To reduce the heart's workload and oxygen demand. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of doubling the distance from a radioactive source for health care workers?

It quarters the exposure dose. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of Parkinson's disease?

Pill-rolling tremor Signup and view all the answers

What intervention should be provided every 2 hours during the day for a patient in a bladder retraining program?

Voiding opportunity Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is most effective during the prodromal phase of a migraine?

Ergotamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the first symptom typically associated with pancreatitis?

Epigastric pain Signup and view all the answers

What complication is a risk for patients with multiple sclerosis?

Pressure ulcers Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent clinical sign of advanced cirrhosis?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential result of an untreated liver laceration?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular System

Valsalva’s maneuver involves forced exhalation against a closed glottis and can affect blood pressure.
Vital organ perfusion is compromised when mean arterial pressure drops below 60 mm Hg and systolic blood pressure falls below 80 mm Hg.
Lidocaine is the preferred medication for managing premature ventricular contractions.
The highest risk of mortality after a myocardial infarction occurs within the first 24 to 48 hours.
The left ventricle typically bears the most damage during a myocardial infarction, leading to myocardial ischemia and associated pain.
For cardiac arrest, establishing an airway is the priority.
Signs of choking include clutching at the throat.

Heart Failure & Care Interventions

Interventions for heart failure and cardiogenic pulmonary edema include decreasing venous return and enhancing left ventricular output.
Positioning patients in high Fowler’s, administering oxygen, diuretics, and positive inotropes are key nursing actions.

Respiratory System

A positive tuberculin skin test indicates induration of 10 mm or greater, indicative of possible tuberculosis exposure.
Histoplasmosis symptoms can mimic tuberculosis.
In burn victims, respiratory compromise is the leading cause of death, followed by infection.

Gastrointestinal System

The pancreas's exocrine function is vital for digesting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Hepatitis A patients should focus on a diet high in carbs and proteins, with moderate fats, having the largest meal in the morning.
Indications for esophageal balloon tamponade include ensuring inflation does not exceed 20 mm Hg.
Hemodialysis utilizes heparin in the dialysate to prevent clotting.

General Medical Concepts

Hip fractures are the most common in the elderly due to osteoporosis.
Before angiography, confirm allergies to dye, shellfish, or iodine, and initiate NPO status for eight hours.
Myelography involves removing cerebrospinal fluid and injecting contrast.

Dialysis and Fluids

After hemodialysis, the puncture site requires a pressure dressing and immobilization for eight hours to reduce bleeding risks.
Water-based media in myelography necessitates 6-8 hours of bed rest with the head elevated; oil-based media require the patient to remain flat for 6-24 hours.

Urology

Overflow incontinence reflects bladder distention and may show voiding patterns.
Early signs of a pressure ulcer include reddened skin that blanches upon pressure.

Neurological Indicators

Classic symptoms of sickle cell anemia include tachycardia, fatigue, and organ enlargement.
Mechanical ventilators are indicated when a patient cannot maintain safe oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

Pain Management and Treatment Strategies

Angina pectoris presents as a transient substernal pain, often radiating and related to myocardial ischemia.
The use of nitroglycerin helps reduce heart workload and prevents myocardial infarction.
Following a myocardial infarction, patients should gradually progress physical activities while avoiding overexertion.

Surgical and Postoperative Care

Mastectomy patients may experience lymphedema, leading to heaviness in the arm.
Post-corneal transplant includes precautions to avoid trauma to the operative site.

Nutrition and Dietary Recommendations

Low-residue diets are recommended post-colostomy for a period of 4-6 weeks.
Patients with cardiac glycosides like digoxin should consume high-potassium foods for balance.

Other Medical Conditions

Fat embolism is a serious complication post-bone fracture and manifests as fever and tachypnea.
The first symptom of pancreatitis is typically persistent upper abdominal pain.
Cholelithiasis incidence is elevated in women who have been pregnant.
Acetaminophen overdose poses severe risks for liver damage.

Surgical Precautions

Ensure the airway is secure before moving trauma victims.
In coronary care, patients should avoid activities that may induce chest pain or dyspnea for optimal recovery.

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Description

Test your understanding of key cardiology concepts such as Valsalva's maneuver, myocardial infarction, and the use of Lidocaine. This quiz covers critical aspects of cardiovascular health and the management of heart conditions. Hone your knowledge with a range of questions focused on vital signs and drug interventions.