Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are symptoms of aortic stenosis? Select all that apply.
What are symptoms of aortic stenosis? Select all that apply.
- Debilitation (correct)
- Marked fatigue (correct)
- Peripheral cyanosis (correct)
- None of the above
A patient has refractory end-stage heart failure. In which class of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification system is the patient categorized?
A patient has refractory end-stage heart failure. In which class of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification system is the patient categorized?
Class IV NYHA
What are the symptoms of left-sided heart failure? Select all that apply.
What are the symptoms of left-sided heart failure? Select all that apply.
- Hacking cough (correct)
- Oliguria during the day (correct)
- Frothy, pink-tinged sputum (correct)
- None of the above
According to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA), which patients does category D include?
According to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA), which patients does category D include?
What are common signs and symptoms of right-sided heart failure? Select all that apply.
What are common signs and symptoms of right-sided heart failure? Select all that apply.
Which parameter, determined through laboratory testing, is known as the 'early warning detector' for heart failure?
Which parameter, determined through laboratory testing, is known as the 'early warning detector' for heart failure?
What are common symptoms of hypokalemia? Select all that apply.
What are common symptoms of hypokalemia? Select all that apply.
Which conditions can cause high-output heart failure? Select all that apply.
Which conditions can cause high-output heart failure? Select all that apply.
Which ventricular reconstructive procedure involves the removal of portions of the cardiac septum and left ventricular wall?
Which ventricular reconstructive procedure involves the removal of portions of the cardiac septum and left ventricular wall?
The patient has heart failure. Which signs or symptoms would prompt the nurse to suspect pulmonary edema? Select all that apply.
The patient has heart failure. Which signs or symptoms would prompt the nurse to suspect pulmonary edema? Select all that apply.
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin therapy. Which finding would indicate to the nurse that the patient is suffering from digoxin toxicity?
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin therapy. Which finding would indicate to the nurse that the patient is suffering from digoxin toxicity?
Which assessment finding is an indication of left-sided heart failure?
Which assessment finding is an indication of left-sided heart failure?
Which patients belong to Category B according to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA)?
Which patients belong to Category B according to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA)?
The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. For which symptoms does the nurse assess? Select all that apply.
The nurse is caring for a patient with heart failure. For which symptoms does the nurse assess? Select all that apply.
What are the intended outcomes of ultrafiltration when performed in a patient with renal dysfunction? Select all that apply.
What are the intended outcomes of ultrafiltration when performed in a patient with renal dysfunction? Select all that apply.
After receiving a change-of-shift report about these four patients, which patient should the nurse assess first?
After receiving a change-of-shift report about these four patients, which patient should the nurse assess first?
The nurse is providing community education on the risks for heart failure. Which topics does the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply.
The nurse is providing community education on the risks for heart failure. Which topics does the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply.
Which specific type of heart failure (HF) is most likely to occur at the beginning of chronic HF?
Which specific type of heart failure (HF) is most likely to occur at the beginning of chronic HF?
Which category does an individual with current or prior symptoms of heart failure belong to according to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA)?
Which category does an individual with current or prior symptoms of heart failure belong to according to the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA)?
The nurse in the emergency department is caring for a patient with acute heart failure who is experiencing severe dyspnea; pink, frothy sputum; and crackles throughout the lung fields. Which order would the nurse implement first?
The nurse in the emergency department is caring for a patient with acute heart failure who is experiencing severe dyspnea; pink, frothy sputum; and crackles throughout the lung fields. Which order would the nurse implement first?
Which teaching will the nurse provide for the patient with valvular heart disease?
Which teaching will the nurse provide for the patient with valvular heart disease?
Which factor is the most common etiology of heart failure?
Which factor is the most common etiology of heart failure?
The nurse discusses the importance of restricting sodium in the diet of a patient with heart failure. Which statement made by the patient indicates that the patient needs further teaching?
The nurse discusses the importance of restricting sodium in the diet of a patient with heart failure. Which statement made by the patient indicates that the patient needs further teaching?
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Study Notes
Aortic Stenosis
- Symptoms include debilitation, marked fatigue, and peripheral cyanosis.
Heart Failure Classification
- Patients with refractory end-stage heart failure are categorized as Class IV in the NYHA functional classification system.
- Patients with end-stage heart failure fall under category D according to the ACC and AHA.
Left-Sided Heart Failure
- Symptoms include hacking cough, oliguria during the day, and frothy, pink-tinged sputum.
- Assessment finding indicating left-sided heart failure: crackles in the lung fields.
Right-Sided Heart Failure
- Common signs and symptoms include dependent edema, increase in weight, and nausea/vomiting.
Laboratory Testing
- Microalbuminuria is known as the "early warning detector" for heart failure.
Hypokalemia
- Symptoms may include weakness, depressed reflexes, and irregular heart rate.
High-Output Heart Failure
- Conditions that can cause this type include high fever, septicemia, and hyperthyroidism.
Surgical Procedures
- Endoventricular circular patch cardioplasty involves removal of portions of the cardiac septum and left ventricular wall.
Pulmonary Edema Indicators
- Signs prompting suspicion include crackles in the lung bases, difficulty breathing at rest, and disorientation regarding time and place.
Digoxin Therapy
- Blurred vision is a finding indicative of digoxin toxicity.
ACC/AHA Categories
- Category B includes patients with cardiac structural abnormalities but without symptoms of heart failure.
- Individuals with current or prior symptoms of heart failure belong to category C.
Other Heart Failure Symptoms
- The nurse assesses for fatigue, tachycardia, and chest discomfort or pain in patients with heart failure.
Ultrafiltration Outcomes
- Intended outcomes include a decrease in filling pressures, reduction in norepinephrine, and decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure.
Patient Prioritization
- The nurse should first assess a 46-year-old patient with aortic stenosis who is taking digoxin and has new-onset frequent premature ventricular contractions.
Community Education
- Discussions on the risks for heart failure should include topics like cocaine use and aortic stenosis.
Initial Heart Failure Type
- Left-sided heart failure is most likely to occur at the beginning of chronic heart failure.
Acute Heart Failure Management
- In emergencies, the first action for a patient with severe dyspnea and pink, frothy sputum should be administering intravenous furosemide.
Patient Education
- Patients with valvular heart disease should inform their dentist about their condition prior to any invasive dental work.
Etiology of Heart Failure
- Hypertension is the most common etiology of heart failure.
Dietary Considerations
- A patient incorrectly stating they should avoid hamburgers indicates the need for further teaching on sodium restriction in heart failure management.
Medication Monitoring
- Concern arises with new prescriptions like furosemide if serum electrolyte levels or kidney function are inadequate.
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