Cardiology and Thyroid Health Quiz

Three or more consecutive beats with a QRS complex width greater than 120 milliseconds and a heart rate between 120 and 150 beats per minute.

A short PR interval followed by a wide QRS complex (greater than 120 milliseconds) with a slurred initial deflection. This reflects early ventricular activation via the bundle of Kent.

Regular rhythm with a ventricular rate of 125-150 beats per minute and an atrial rate of 250-300 beats per minute.

A regular rhythm with a rate between 150-220 beats per minute. Often presents with palpitations or dizziness.

Peaked T-waves, a widened QRS complex, a shortened QT interval, and a prolonged PR interval. This may be seen in patients with renal failure, crush injuries, or burns.

A type of chest pain that is worse when breathing in, better when leaning forward, and may have a friction rub and diffuse ST elevation on ECG.

Chest pain that gets worse when you press on the chest wall.

A type of chest pain that occurs at rest, is worse at night, and may be associated with a history of viral infection, a heart murmur, and migraine headaches.

A type of chest pain that happens at rest, more often at night, and may have few CAD risk factors, along with transient ST elevation during episodes.

A pattern on an ECG where the time between the beginning of the P wave and the beginning of the QRS complex (PR interval) gradually gets longer until a heart beat is completely missed.

A pattern on an ECG where the time between each P wave (P-P interval) and the time between each QRS complex (R-R interval) are regular, but there are large, prominent 'a' waves on physical exam.

Characterized by a changing PR interval with 3 or more distinct looking P waves in the same ECG lead.

A test used to diagnose Prinzmetal's angina by inducing coronary artery spasm with the medication ergonovine.

A condition characterized by inflammation in the lungs, leading to impaired gas exchange, release of inflammatory mediators, and hypoxemia.

A type of lung embolism caused by a blood clot that travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow.

A test used to measure the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

A procedure that uses a dye to visualize the blood vessels in the lungs, allowing for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

A medical condition that involves the enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart, often due to high blood pressure in the lungs.

A type of heart rhythm abnormality characterized by a rapid heartbeat.

A type of infection that can cause pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems, particularly those with HIV/AIDS.

A condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that weakens the immune system, making individuals susceptible to infections and cancers.

A rapid heart rhythm originating above the ventricles, often seen in patients with heart failure or valve disease. It can present with shortness of breath, dizziness, and palpitations.

A type of heart rhythm abnormality characterized by a rapid and regular beat rate with an atrial rate of 250-300 beats per minute. It can show as sawtooth-like waves on an ECG.

A heart rhythm disturbance where three or more consecutive beats have wide QRS complexes (more than 120 milliseconds) and a heart rate between 120 and 150 beats per minute.

A condition marked by a shortened PR interval followed by a widened QRS complex (greater than 120 milliseconds) with a slurred initial deflection. It represents rapid electrical conduction through an abnormal pathway in the heart.

An irregular heart rhythm characterized by an undulating baseline with no distinct p-waves and variable R-R intervals. It is often found in hyperthyroid patients.

A condition where the difference between the systolic blood pressure measured at the brachial artery and the systolic pressure measured during inspiration (when taking a deep breath) is 10mmHg or greater. It can be associated with cardiac tamponade, pericarditis, or severe asthma.

An abnormally low blood pressure, which can be caused by various factors, including cardiac tamponade, fluid loss, or sepsis.

An increase in the jugular vein distention, indicating increased pressure in the right atrium. It can be a sign of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or tricuspid valve stenosis.

A rare and aggressive thyroid cancer with a poor prognosis, characterized by rapid growth and spread. It accounts for a small percentage of thyroid cancers. Often develops in the context of a pre-existing thyroid condition.

A syndrome characterized by high levels of cortisol due to increased production by the adrenal glands, leading to symptoms like osteoporosis, central obesity, diabetes, and hirsutism.

A medical emergency characterized by a severe metabolic disturbance due to lack of insulin and high blood sugar levels. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, Kussmaul respirations, and coma.

A type of stroke affecting the right posterior cerebral artery (PCA), resulting in specific neurological deficits. Symptoms include vertigo, vomiting, nystagmus, clumsiness, and weakness in the right arm.

A serious condition characterized by prolonged seizures without recovery of consciousness between seizures, requiring immediate medical attention.

Seizures that start in a specific brain area, often causing localized symptoms such as arm twitching, feelings of déjà vu, or a burning rubber smell. May progress to Generalized Seizures.

Seizures affecting both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously, causing a loss of consciousness and various neurological manifestations. Types: Grand Mal, Absence, Myoclonic, Atonic.

A type of generalized seizure characterized by brief periods of unresponsiveness (5-10 seconds) commonly seen in children. Often associated with a specific EEG pattern.

A sudden, severe headache, often described as the "worst headache of my life", that might be caused by bleeding in the space surrounding the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage).

An inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It's usually caused by an infection and can be serious.

A type of headache that is often described as throbbing and occurs on one side of the head. It can sometimes come with changes in vision and jaw pain.

A condition that causes an increase in pressure around the brain, often associated with overweight individuals or women taking birth control pills. It can cause headaches and vision problems.

A rare but serious disorder that affects the nerves that control muscle movement. It causes weakness and paralysis that usually starts in the legs and spreads upwards.

A condition that weakens the muscles and makes them easily tired. It's caused by a problem with the communication between nerves and muscles.

A condition where the pancreas is inflamed and damaged over time. It can cause chronic pain, diabetes (difficulty regulating blood sugar), and problems absorbing nutrients.

A type of cancer of the pancreas that often doesn't cause symptoms until it's advanced. If it occurs in the head of the pancreas, it can cause jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and a swollen gallbladder.