18 Questions
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by increased blood flow and vasodilation?
Redness
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by chemical mediators?
Pain
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by edema and increased vascular permeability?
Swelling
Which of the following mediators is responsible for increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
Histamine
Which of the following mediators recruits and activates leukocytes during inflammation?
Chemokines
Which of the following mediators is responsible for fever and pain during inflammation?
Prostaglandins
Which of the following is NOT a systemic effect of inflammation?
Increased blood pressure
Which cytokine is NOT responsible for inducing fever during inflammation?
IL-10
Which acute-phase protein is induced by IL-6?
C-reactive protein
Which marker of inflammation is used to measure the rate at which red blood cells sink?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Which mediator is responsible for leukocytosis during inflammation?
IL-1
Which type of infection is commonly associated with neutrophilia?
Bacterial infections
Which mediator is responsible for lymphocytosis during inflammation?
IL-1
Which mediator is responsible for eosinophilia during inflammation?
IL-10
Which cytokines are stimulated in severe bacterial infections (sepsis)?
IL-1 and TNF-a
Which substances are responsible for inducing fever as part of the systemic effects of inflammation?
Endogenous pyrogens
What is the purpose of fever in the context of inflammation? (2 ans)
Prevent replication of microorganisms
What is a characteristic feature of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as a systemic pathological effect of severe bacterial infections?
Formation of blood clots throughout the body
Study Notes
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
- Heat is caused by increased blood flow and vasodilation
- Redness is caused by increased blood flow and vasodilation
- Swelling is caused by edema and increased vascular permeability
- Pain is caused by chemical mediators
Mediators of Inflammation
- Histamine is responsible for increased vascular permeability during inflammation
- Chemokines recruit and activate leukocytes during inflammation
- Prostaglandins are responsible for fever and pain during inflammation
- IL-6 induces fever during inflammation
- IL-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein as an acute-phase protein
Systemic Effects of Inflammation
- Leukocytosis is a systemic effect of inflammation, mediated by colony-stimulating factors
- Neutrophilia is commonly associated with bacterial infections
- Lymphocytosis is mediated by IL-12 and IFN-γ
- Eosinophilia is mediated by IL-5
- In severe bacterial infections (sepsis), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 are stimulated
- Prostaglandins and TNF-α induce fever as part of the systemic effects of inflammation
- The purpose of fever is to create an unfavorable environment for microbial growth and to activate the immune response
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- A characteristic feature of DIC is the formation of microthrombi in small blood vessels
Test your knowledge of the cardinal signs of inflammation with this quiz. Identify the key symptoms associated with inflammation, including redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
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