Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by increased blood flow and vasodilation?
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by increased blood flow and vasodilation?
- Loss of Function
- Heat
- Swelling
- Redness (correct)
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by chemical mediators?
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by chemical mediators?
- Heat
- Pain (correct)
- Swelling
- Redness
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by edema and increased vascular permeability?
Which of the following cardinal signs of inflammation is caused by edema and increased vascular permeability?
- Loss of Function
- Swelling (correct)
- Heat
- Redness
Which of the following mediators is responsible for increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following mediators is responsible for increased vascular permeability during inflammation?
Which of the following mediators recruits and activates leukocytes during inflammation?
Which of the following mediators recruits and activates leukocytes during inflammation?
Which of the following mediators is responsible for fever and pain during inflammation?
Which of the following mediators is responsible for fever and pain during inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a systemic effect of inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a systemic effect of inflammation?
Which cytokine is NOT responsible for inducing fever during inflammation?
Which cytokine is NOT responsible for inducing fever during inflammation?
Which acute-phase protein is induced by IL-6?
Which acute-phase protein is induced by IL-6?
Which marker of inflammation is used to measure the rate at which red blood cells sink?
Which marker of inflammation is used to measure the rate at which red blood cells sink?
Which mediator is responsible for leukocytosis during inflammation?
Which mediator is responsible for leukocytosis during inflammation?
Which type of infection is commonly associated with neutrophilia?
Which type of infection is commonly associated with neutrophilia?
Which mediator is responsible for lymphocytosis during inflammation?
Which mediator is responsible for lymphocytosis during inflammation?
Which mediator is responsible for eosinophilia during inflammation?
Which mediator is responsible for eosinophilia during inflammation?
Which cytokines are stimulated in severe bacterial infections (sepsis)?
Which cytokines are stimulated in severe bacterial infections (sepsis)?
Which substances are responsible for inducing fever as part of the systemic effects of inflammation?
Which substances are responsible for inducing fever as part of the systemic effects of inflammation?
What is the purpose of fever in the context of inflammation? (2 ans)
What is the purpose of fever in the context of inflammation? (2 ans)
What is a characteristic feature of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as a systemic pathological effect of severe bacterial infections?
What is a characteristic feature of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as a systemic pathological effect of severe bacterial infections?
Flashcards
Redness
Redness
Increased blood flow and vasodilation caused by inflammation.
Pain
Pain
Caused by chemical mediators during inflammation.
Swelling
Swelling
Result of edema and increased vascular permeability.
Histamine
Histamine
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Chemokines
Chemokines
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Prostaglandins
Prostaglandins
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Increased blood pressure
Increased blood pressure
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IL-10
IL-10
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C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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IL-1
IL-1
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Neutrophilia
Neutrophilia
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IL-1 (again)
IL-1 (again)
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IL-10 (again)
IL-10 (again)
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IL-1 and TNF-a
IL-1 and TNF-a
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Endogenous pyrogens
Endogenous pyrogens
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Fever purpose
Fever purpose
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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Study Notes
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
- Heat is caused by increased blood flow and vasodilation
- Redness is caused by increased blood flow and vasodilation
- Swelling is caused by edema and increased vascular permeability
- Pain is caused by chemical mediators
Mediators of Inflammation
- Histamine is responsible for increased vascular permeability during inflammation
- Chemokines recruit and activate leukocytes during inflammation
- Prostaglandins are responsible for fever and pain during inflammation
- IL-6 induces fever during inflammation
- IL-6 induces the production of C-reactive protein as an acute-phase protein
Systemic Effects of Inflammation
- Leukocytosis is a systemic effect of inflammation, mediated by colony-stimulating factors
- Neutrophilia is commonly associated with bacterial infections
- Lymphocytosis is mediated by IL-12 and IFN-γ
- Eosinophilia is mediated by IL-5
- In severe bacterial infections (sepsis), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 are stimulated
- Prostaglandins and TNF-α induce fever as part of the systemic effects of inflammation
- The purpose of fever is to create an unfavorable environment for microbial growth and to activate the immune response
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- A characteristic feature of DIC is the formation of microthrombi in small blood vessels
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