Questions and Answers
What typically occurs when cardiac work increases during exercise?
What metabolite accumulates due to increased cardiac work and inadequate oxygen delivery?
What physiological change can stimulate myocardial pain endings during exercise?
Which condition is most likely to cause ischemic changes in the heart during exercise?
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What effect does increased cardiac work have on oxygen delivery during exercise?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Work and Myocardial Ischemia
- Increased cardiac work during exercise can lead to flow obstruction and inadequate oxygen delivery.
- Accumulation of metabolites, such as lactic acid, and ischemic changes trigger myocardial pain.
Angina Characteristics
- A change in the character and frequency of angina episodes, particularly at rest, may occur due to small platelet clots from ruptured atherosclerotic plaques.
Treatment Options
- Anticoagulants: Options include low-molecular-weight heparin, unfractionated heparin, or fondaparinux to prevent clot formation.
- Nitrates: Sublingual nitroglycerin is commonly effective for relieving angina symptoms.
Pain Relief and Anti-emetics
- Analgesia: Intravenous morphine (10 mg) is used for effective pain relief.
- Antiemetics: Promethazine (25–50 mg) administered slowly via IV to mitigate opioid-induced nausea and vomiting.
Reperfusion Therapy
- Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is preferred if facilities are available for immediate reperfusion.
- Thrombolytic therapy is an alternative when PCI is not accessible, aimed at dissolving clots and restoring blood flow.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cardiac work, myocardial ischemia, and related treatment options. This quiz covers angina characteristics, pain management strategies, and reperfusion therapies. Enhance your understanding of cardiovascular health and treatment protocols.
